Plan is a set of two-dimensional drawings or diagrams used to describe a place or object, or to communicate building or fabrication instructions. Usually plans are drawn or printed on paper, but they can take the form of digital files.
This plan is used in a variety of fields ranging from architecture, urban planning, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, industrial engineering to systems engineering.
Video Plan (drawing)
Overview
Plans are often for technical purposes such as architecture, engineering, or planning. Their purpose in this discipline is to accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a site, building, product or component. The plan can also be for the purpose of presentation or orientation, and thus often a less detailed version of the previous one. The ultimate goal of the plan is to describe the place or object that exists, or to convey enough information to enable the builder or manufacturer to realize the design.
The term "plan" can be casually used to refer to a single display, sheet, or image in a set of plans. More specifically the plan view is an orthographic projection that looks down on the object, as in the floor plan.
The process of generating a plan, and the skill of producing it, is often referred to as a technical drawing. A working drawing is a type of technical drawing, which is part of the documentation needed to build a product or an engineering architecture. Usually in this architecture can include civil drawings, architectural drawings, structural drawings, mechanical drawings, electrical drawings, and pipe drawings. In technique, these images show all the data needed to produce a given object, such as dimensions and angles.
Maps Plan (drawing)
Planning features
Format
Plans are often prepared in "sets". Set includes all the necessary information for set purposes, and can exclude unnecessary views or projections. A set of plans can be on standard office sized paper or on large sheets. These can be clamped, folded or rolled as needed. A set of plans can also take the form of digital files in proprietary formats such as DWG or exchange file formats such as DXF or PDF.
Plans are often referred to as "blueprints" or "bluelines". However, this term quickly becomes anachronism, since this copying method has largely been replaced by a process of reproduction that produces black or colored lines on white paper, or by electronic information representation.
Scale
Plans are usually "scale images", meaning that the plan is drawn at a certain ratio relative to the actual size of the place or object. A variety of scales can be used for different images in a set. For example, a floor plan can be drawn at 1:48 (or 1/4 "= 1'-0") while detailed views can be drawn at 1:24 (or 1/2 "= 1'-0"). Site plans are often taken at 1 "= 20 '(1: 240) or 1" = 30' (1: 360).
In the metric system, the ratio is generally 1: 5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1: 100, 1: 200, 1: 500, 1: 1000, 1: 2000 and 1: 5000
Display and projection
Since the plan represents a three-dimensional object in a two-dimensional field, the use of a view or projection is essential for the legibility of the plan. Each projection is achieved by taking a favorable position to see the place or object, and the type of projection. This type of projection is:
- Parallel projection
- orthographic projection
- Multiview projections, including:
- Plan view or floor plan view
- Altitude, usually exterior side view
- Sections, interior views on specific cutting fields
- Axonometric projection, including:
- Isometric projection
- Projection dimensions
- Electrical projection
- Multiview projections, including:
- Tilted projection, and
- orthographic projection
- Projection of perspective, including:
- One-point perspective
- Two-point perspective
- The three-point perspective
Planning approach
There is no universal standard for ordering sheets, but the following describes a common approach:
- General Information: The first sheet in a set may include notes, assembly descriptions, project rendering, or just project titles.
- Sites: Site plans, including the main plan, appear before other plans and smaller projects may be on the first sheet. A project may require a landscape plan, although this can be integrated with the site plan if the image remains clear.
- Specific plan: Floor plan, starting from the bottom floor and ending with a roof plan usually appear near the beginning of the set. Further, for example, the Plafon Ceiling Plan (RCP) s shows the ceiling layout appearing after the floor plan.
- Elevation: Beginning with the principal, or front elevation, all building improvements appear after the plan. Smaller housing projects can show improvements before the plan. Elevation details may appear on the same sheet as the elevation of the building.
- Sections: Create sections describing views that cut across buildings appear next, followed by part of wall, then part detail.
- Details: Details can appear on any of the previous sheets, or may be collected to appear on the details sheet. These details may include construction details that show how building components fit together. This detail can also include milling images or other interior details.
- Schedule: Many aspects of a building should be listed as a schedule on a larger project. This includes schedules for windows, doors, walls or floors, hardware, landscape elements, spaces, and areas.
If the supplementary system is complex and requires lots of detail for installation, additional custom drawing plans may be used, such as:
- Structural: While smaller projects may only display structural information on plans and sections, larger projects have separate sheets that describe the structure of the building.
- Mechanical: Mechanical drawings indicate piping, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, or fire protection systems.
- Electricity: The electrical plan drawing may include equipment and layout of the cable tray, lighting and power, grounding, telephone, local area network, special communications or signal system, or reflected lighting plan.
See also
- Architectural drawing
- Blueprint
- Technical drawing
- Floor plan
- House plan
- Plates
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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