Scrap consists of recyclable materials left over from the production and consumption of products, such as vehicle parts, building inventories, and surplus materials. Unlike waste, scrap has value for money, especially recovered metals, and non-metallic materials are also found for recycling.
Video Scrap
Memproses
Scrap metal originated both in business and residential environments. Usually a "thief" will advertise their services to easily remove metal scraps for people who do not need them.
The former is often taken to a damaged page (also known as a trash can, junkyard, or fractional yard), where it is processed to then melt into a new product. A broken page, depending on its location, can allow customers to browse a lot and buy their items before being sent to the smelter, although many scrap yards handle large amounts of memos usually do not, often sell all units like machines or machines to the weight without pay attention to its functional status. Customers are usually required to provide all of their own tools and labor to take part, and some backfill may first require removal of liability for personal injury before entering. Many dumping sites also sell bulk metals (stainless steels, etc.) by weight, often at prices far below the cost of purchasing retailed similar pieces.
Shredder scrap metal scrap is often used to recycle items containing various other materials combined with steel. Examples are cars and white goods such as refrigerators, stoves, washing machines, etc. These items are labor-intensive to sort items such as plastic, copper, aluminum, and brass. By cutting into relatively small pieces, the steel can be easily separated magnetically. The flow of non-ferrous waste requires another technique to sort.
In contrast to damaging the yard, trash can usually sell everything by weight, not by item. For a scrapyard, the primary value of a memo is what the smelter will give him, rather than the value of any form that may be possessed by the metal. A car destroyer, on the other hand, will give the same price on the same scrap based on what the item does, regardless of its weight. Normally, if a destroyer can not sell anything above the metal value in it, they will then take it to the bin and sell it heavily. Equipment containing parts of various metals can often be bought for a price below that of one of the metals, as the scrapyard keeps the work of separating the metals before sending them for recycling.
Maps Scrap
Resources
The price of scrap may vary from time to time and in different locations. Prices are often negotiated between buyers and sellers directly or indirectly via the Internet. The price displayed because the market price is not the price to be recycled by scrap yards. Other prices range or older and are not updated frequently. Some memo yard websites have updated the scrap price.
In the US, scrap prices are reported in several publications, including American Metal Market, based on confirmed sales and reference sites such as Scrap Metal Prices and Auctions. Non-US publications, such as The Steel Index , also reported US scrap prices, which have become increasingly important for global export markets. The scrap yard directory is also used by recyclers to find facilities in the US and Canada, allowing users to connect with the yard.
With online resources for recyclers to see removal tips, such as websites, blogs and search engines, deletions are often referred to as hands and labor-intensive jobs. Disassembling and separating metals is very important to make more money for scrap, for tips such as using magnets to determine iron and non-ferrous materials, which can help recyclers generate more money on their metal recycling. When the magnet attaches to the metal, it will become iron, such as steel or iron. These are usually cheaper items that are recycled but are usually recycled in an amount greater than thousands of pounds. Non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, and brass do not stick to magnets. Some of the cheaper grades of stainless steel are magnetic, no other value. These items are higher priced commodities for metal recycling and are important to separate when recycling them. The price of non-ferrous metals also tends to fluctuate more than the ferrous metals so it is important for the recycler to pay attention to these sources and the market as a whole.
Dangers
The great potential is in the scrap metal industry for accidents where hazardous materials present in the memo cause death, injury, or environmental damage. The classic example is radioactivity in scrap; The GoiÃÆ' Â ¢ nia accident and Mayapuri radiological accident are incidents involving radioactive materials. Toxic materials such as asbestos or metals such as beryllium, cadmium, or mercury may pose a danger to personnel, as well as contaminate materials intended for metal smelters.
Many special tools are used in hazardous backfill, such as shear crocodiles that cut metal using hydraulic powers, compactors, and used metal shredders.
Benefits of recycling
According to research conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency, recycling scrap metals can be very beneficial to the environment. Using recycled scrap metal in place of virgin iron ore can produce:
- 75% energy savings.
- 90% savings on raw materials used.
- 86% reduction in air pollution.
- 40% reduction of water usage.
- 76% reduction of water pollution.
- 97% reduction in mining waste.
Every ton of new steel made of scrap steel saves:
- 1,115 kg of iron ore.
- 625 kg of coal.
- 53 kg of limestone.
Energy savings from other metals include:
- Energy saving aluminum 95%.
- 85% energy copper savings.
- Leads 65% energy savings.
- Zinc savings of 60% energy.
Metal metal recycling industry
The metal recycling industry covers a wide variety of metals. The more commonly recycled metals are scrap metal, iron (ISS), lead, aluminum, copper, stainless steel and zinc. There are two main categories of metal: iron and non-iron. The metal containing iron in it is known as ferrous where the non-ferrous metal is non-ferrous .
- Common non-ferrous metals are copper, brass, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, tin, nickel, and tin.
Non-ferrous metals also include precious and exotic metals.
- Precious metals are metals of high market value in any form, such as gold, silver, and platinum group metals.
- Exotic metals contain rare elements such as cobalt, mercury, titanium, tungsten, arsenic, cadmium, niobium, indium, gallium, germanium, lithium, selenium, tantalum, tellurium, vanadium and zirconium. Some metals are radioactive. It may be "naturally occurring" or may be formed as a by-product of a nuclear reaction. Metals that have been exposed to radioactive sources can also become radioactive in settings such as medical environment, research laboratories, or nuclear power plants.
OSHA guidelines should be followed when recycling all types of scrap metal to ensure safety.
Iron recycling
Iron metal can be recycled , with steel being one of the most recycled materials in the world. Iron metal contains a considerable percentage of iron and the addition of carbon and other substances creates steel.
Description
In the United States, containers of steel, cans, cars, appliances, and construction materials account for the greatest weight of recycled materials. For example, in 2008, over 97% of structural steel and 106% of cars were recycled, comparing current steel consumption for each industry with the amount of recycled steel produced (the 2000s recession and associated sharp declines in US automobile production explained calculation of more than 100%). A typical tool is about 75% by weight of steel and cars about 65% steel and iron.
The steel industry has been actively recycling for over 150 years, mostly because it is economically advantageous to do so. It is cheaper to recycle steel than to mine iron ore and manipulate it through the production process to form new steel. Steel does not lose any of the inherent physical properties during the recycling process, and has drastically reduced energy and material requirements compared to refinements of the iron ore. The energy saved by recycling reduces the industry's annual energy consumption by about 75%, enough to power eighteen million homes for a year. According to the International Metal Panels report in the Society report, per capita steel stocks used in Australia, Canada, EU15, Norway, Switzerland, Japan, New Zealand and the US combined were 7,085 kilograms (15,620 pounds) (approximately 860 million people in 2005 ).
The manufacture of basic oxygen steels (BOS) uses 25-35% recycled steel to make new steel. BOS steels typically contain lower concentrations of residual elements such as copper, nickel and molybdenum and are therefore more easily shaped than steel arc furnaces (EAF) and are often used to make automotive fenders, cans, industrial drums or any product of a large degree. cold work. EAF steel making uses nearly 100% recycled steel. This steel contains a greater concentration of residual elements that can not be removed through the application of oxygen and lime. These are used to create structural beams, plates, reinforcements and other products that require a bit of cold work. Downcycling of steel by impurities that are difficult to separate such as copper or tin can only be prevented by the selection of scrap or dilution which is well chosen by pure steel. The recycling of one metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of steel saves 1.1 metric tons of iron ore, 630 kilograms of coal, and 55 kilograms of limestone.
Type of memo used in steel making
- Heavy steel smelting - Commercial or industrial scrap steel over 6mm thick, such as plates, beams, columns, channels; may also include machine scraps or certain metal tools or stamps
- Old car body - Vehicle with or without interior and original wheel
- Cast iron - Cast iron bathtub, machine, pipe, and engine block
- Pressing steel - Scrap metal in the country up to about. 6mm thick. Example - White goods (refrigerator, washing machine, etc.), Iron roof, water heater, water tank, and piece of metal sheet
- Strengthen bars or mesh - Used in the construction industry in concrete structures
- Playback - Remnants of drilling or steel formation. Also known as "borrowing" or "swarf"
- Manganese steel - Hardened non-magnetic steel used in mining industry, cement mixer, stone crusher, and other high-impact and harsh environments.
- Rail - Rail or tram track
Example
Shipbreaking
The hull of a ship, with equipment that can be used and saved, can be broken down to provide used steel. For some time, countries in Southeast Asia committed many ship abuses, often using manual methods that are harmful to workers and the environment. International regulations now dictate the maintenance of old vessels as a source of hazardous waste, so that ship termination has returned to ports in more developed countries. In 2013, approximately 29 million tons of scrap steel was found from damaged vessels. Some pieces can be reheated and rolled to make a product like concrete reinforcement, or scrap can be melted to make new steel.
Economic role
United States
The used-goods industry is valued at more than $ 90 billion in 2012, up from $ 54 billion in 2009 trade balance, exporting $ 28 billion in junk to 160 countries. Since 2010, the industry has added more than 15,000 jobs, and supports 463,000 workers, either directly or indirectly. In addition, it generates over $ 10 billion in revenues for federal, state, and local governments. Recycle recycling also helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save energy and natural resources. For example, scrap recycling diverts 135 million short tons (121,000,000 tons, 122 million) of material away from landfills. Recycled fractions are raw material feedstock for nearly 60% of steel made in the US, for nearly 50% of copper and copper alloys produced in the US, for more than 75% of the US paper industry needs, and for 50% of US Aluminum. Fractional recycling helps keep air and water clean by removing potentially harmful materials and keeping them out of landfills.
Picture gallery
See also
- Boneyard plane
- Aluminum recycling
- The British Metal Recycling Association
- Theft of metal
- Recyclable waste
- Recycling vehicles
- Damaged page
References
External links
- Memo in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- The Steel Recycling Institute
- Videos About Car Recycling
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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