Ticker tape

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Quote band is the earliest electronic digital communication medium, transmitting stock price information through telegraph lines, used between about 1870 and 1970. It consists of a strip of paper that flows through a machine called stock ticker , which prints the company name abbreviation as an alphabetic symbol followed by numerical share transaction price and volume information. The term "ticker" comes from a sound made by the machine when it is printed.

Tape paper tickers became obsolete in the 1960s, as television and computers were increasingly being used to transmit financial information. The stock ticker concept remains alive, however, in rolling electronic tickers seen on the wall brokers and on news channels and television finances.

Ticker tape telegraph stock prices were created in 1867 by Edward A. Calahan, an employee of the American Telegraph Company.

Video Ticker tape

History

Although the telegraphic printing system was first invented by the Royal Earl House in 1846, the fragile initial model, requiring hand-powered power, often came out of synchronization between the sender and receiver, and did not become popular in widespread commercial use. David E. Hughes improved the design of telegraph printing with heavy working hours in 1856, and the design was further enhanced and became viable for commercial use when George M. Phelps designed a resynchronization system in 1858. The first stock ticker system using a telegraph printer was invented by Edward A. Defeated in 1863; he launched his device in New York City on November 15, 1867. Early versions of stock tickers provided the first mechanical means of delivering stock quotes ("quotes"), over long distances via telegraph cables. In the early stages, the ticker uses the same symbol as Morse code as a medium for delivering messages. One of the earliest practical stock ticker machines, Universal Stock Ticker developed by Thomas Edison in 1869, uses alphanumeric characters with printing speeds of about one character per second.

Previously, stock prices have been submitted directly through a written or oral message. Because the useful time span of individual citations is very short, they are generally not sent remotely; aggregate summaries, usually for one day, are sent instead. The speed boost provided by ticker allows faster and more precise sales. Because ticker keeps running, stock price updates every time the price turns into effective much faster and trade becomes a more time-sensitive issue. For the first time, trading is done in what is now considered to be near real-time.

In the 1880s, there were about a thousand stock tickers installed in the offices of bankers and New York brokers. In 1890, bourse members agreed to create New York Quotation Co., buying all other ticker companies to ensure the accuracy of price reporting and volume activity.

Maps Ticker tape

Technology

The stock ticker machine is the ancestor of modern computer printers, being one of the first applications of text transmission over wire to printing devices, based on telegraph printing. It uses the recently discovered telegraph engine technology, with the advantage that output is a readable text, not a point and a Morse code line. A special typewriter designed for operation via a telegraph cable is used at the end of a telegraph cable connection to a ticker machine. The typed text on the typewriter is displayed on the ticker machine at the end of the connection.

The machine prints a series of ticker marks (usually a short form of company name), followed by brief information about the company's stock price; the thin piece of paper they print is called ticker tape . The ticker word comes from a different taping sound (or ticking ) that the machine generated when printing. The pulse on the telegraph line makes the letter wheel alternate step by step until the correct symbol is reached and then printed. A typical 32-letter letter letters should average 15 steps until the next letter can be printed resulting in a very slow printing speed of one character per second. In 1883, the ticker transmitter keyboard resembled a piano keyboard with a black key indicating white letters and buttons indicating numbers and fractions, which corresponded to two rotating type wheels in the connected ticker ribbon printer.

New and more efficient tickers became available in the 1930s, but these new and improved tickers still had a projected 15-to-20-minute delay. Ticker machines became obsolete in the 1960s, replaced by computer networks; nothing has been produced to use for decades. However, the reproduction work of at least one model is now being produced for museums and collectors.

The simulated ticker view, named after the original machine, still exists as part of the television news channel display and on some websites - see news ticker. One of the most famous outdoor shows is a simulated companion game located in One Times Square in New York City.

Tick ​​Cassettes now and now contain information that is generally the same. The ticker symbol is a unique set of characters used to identify a company. The traded stock is the volume for the quoted trade. The traded price refers to the price per share of a particular trade. The direction of change is a visual cue that indicates whether the stock is trading higher or lower than the previous trading, hence the terms downtick and uptick . The number of changes refers to the price difference from the previous day's close. This is reflected in the modern style we see today. Many today include colors to indicate whether a stock is trading higher than the previous day (green), lower than before (red), or remain unchanged (blue or white).

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Other uses

In the early days of baseball, before electronic scoreboards, manual score turners used tickers to get the latest scores from all over the league. Today, computers and electronic scoreboard have replaced the manual scoreboard and ticker.

The former ticker ribbon is cut into a confetti shape, to be thrown from the window above the parade, especially in lower Manhattan; this became known as a tape ticker parade. The tape tape parade generally celebrates important events, such as the end of World War I and World War II, or the return of one of the safest early astronauts. Cashier tape is also incorporated into some unique art textiles from the unique Dorothy Liebes weavers.

Parade tape footage is still held in New York City, especially in the "Canyon of Heroes" in Manhattan, most often when local sports teams win the championship. However, the actual ticker bands are not used during this parade for longer; Often, pieces of paper from paper shredders are used as a convenient source of confetti.

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See also

• Commodities are checked
• Do not fight the recording
• Punched the ribbon
• The stock market data system
• Telex
• Teleprinter

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References

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External links

• Exchange - Tape Terminology Tape Investment FAQ. September 19, 1999. April 20, 2007
• Thomas Edison Patent Band
• Ticker Tape Digest (short history of ticker tape)
• IEEE Global History Network: Stock Ticker
• WorldWideSchool: Edison and Stock Ticker
• Stock Ticker Company: History of the ticker machine.
• The software mimics the stock ticker ribbon on your desktop
• Telegraph History: Early Days of Western Union Stock Ticker Service, 1871-1910 by Charles R. Tilghman

Source of the article : Wikipedia