Eugene Joseph McCarthy (March 29, 1916 - December 10, 2005) is an American politician, poet and longtime congressman from Minnesota. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and the US Senate from 1959 to 1971. McCarthy sought the Democratic nomination in the 1968 presidential election, challenging the ruling Lyndon B. Johnson over an anti-Vietnam War platform. McCarthy will not make it to the presidency five times.
Born in Watkins, Minnesota, McCarthy became an economics professor after earning a bachelor's degree from the University of Minnesota. He served as a code breaker for the United States Department of War during World War II. McCarthy became a member of the Democratic Labor Party-Minnesota Farmer (the Democratic state affiliate) and won elections to the House of Representatives in 1948. He served until winning the Senate election in 1958. McCarthy was a main proponent of Adlai Stevenson II for the Democratic presidential nomination on in 1960 and himself a candidate for the nomination of vice president of the Democratic Party in 1964. He sponsored the Immigration and Citizenship Act of 1965, although he later expressed regret about the impact of the bill and became a member of the Federation for American Immigration Reform.
As the 1960s grew, McCarthy emerged as a prominent opponent of President Johnson's handling of the Vietnam War. After Robert Kennedy rejected a request by a group of Democratic anti-war to challenge Johnson in the 1968 Democratic primary election, McCarthy entered the race on an anti-war platform. Although at first he was given little chance of winning, Tet Offensive pushed up the fight against the war and McCarthy ended up in second place strong in primary New Hampshire. After the main election, Kennedy enters the race and Johnson announces that he will not seek reelection. McCarthy and Kennedy each won several preliminary elections before Kennedy was assassinated in June 1968. Despite the election results, the 1968 Democratic National Convention elected Vice President Hubert Humphrey, Johnson's candidate for choice, as his presidential candidate.
McCarthy did not seek re-election in the 1970 Senate election. He sought the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party in 1972 but fared poorly in the primaries. He ran in a few more races after that, but never won election to another office. He ran as independent in the 1976 presidential election and won 0.9% of the popular vote. He is the plaintiff in the famous campaign finance case of Buckley v. Valeo and supported Ronald Reagan in the 1980 presidential election.
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McCarthy was born in Watkins, Minnesota. He is the son of a very religious Roman Catholic mother of German ancestor Anna Baden McCarthy and Irish father Michael J. McCarthy, who is a postmaster and a livestock buyer.
McCarthy grew up in Watkins with his parents and three siblings. She attended St. Catholic School. Anthony at Watkins, and spent hours reading his reading book, Harvard Classic. He was influenced by the monks at St. John's Abbey and University in Collegeville, Minnesota, and attended the preparatory school there, at Saint John's Preparatory School, from where he graduated in 1932. He also attended Saint John's University, graduating in 1935. McCarthy earned his master's degree from the University of Minnesota in 1939. He taught at public schools in Minnesota and North Dakota from 1935 to 1940, when he became professor of economics and education at St. Louis. John's, worked there from 1940-43..
In 1943, recalling the contemplative life of a monk, he became a Benedictine novice at the Saint John Monastery. After nine months as a monk he left the monastery, causing a new friend to say, "It feels like losing 20 match winners". He enlisted in the Army, serving as a code-breaker for the Military Intelligence Division of the War Department in Washington, DC in 1944. He later became an instructor in sociology and economics at the College of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota from 1946-49.
Maps Eugene McCarthy
Member of the United States Congress
McCarthy became a member of the Democratic Labor Party-Minnesota. In 1948 he won elections to the United States House of Representatives with the support of workers and Catholics, who represented the 4th congress district of Minnesota until 1959. He became a liberal youth leader, mainly from the Midwest, called "McCarthy Robbers".
In 1952 he invited Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy (no relation) in a national television debate in which he parodied the Senator's argument to "prove" that General Douglas MacArthur had become a communist pawn. In 1958 he won the election of the US Senate.
US Senator
He served as a member (among other committees) of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. McCarthy became known to a larger audience in 1960 when he supported twice presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson for a Democratic nomination. He pleaded in his speech, "Do not reject the man who makes us all proud to be called Democrats!" He jokes about his own advantages as a candidate, "I am twice as liberal as Hubert Humphrey, twice as smart as Stuart Symington, and two times more Catholic than Jack Kennedy." He was considered a potential mate for Lyndon Johnson in 1964, only to see fellow Minnesota Senator Humphrey elected to that position.
Together with Ted Kennedy, McCarthy was one of the original co-sponsors of the Immigration Act of 1965. He later regretted this, noting that "not recognized by almost all supporters of the bill, is a provision that will ultimately lead to unprecedented growth in the number and transfer of policy control from elected representatives of the American people to individuals who want to bring relatives to this country ".
Taking a turn to the right, McCarthy became a member of the Federation Advisory Board for American Immigration Reform.
McCarthy met with Che Guevara Marxist-Leninist revolutionary in New York City in 1964 to discuss improvements in relations between the US and Cuba. The two met at Howard Howard's apartment apartment on Park Avenue in Manhattan. The movie Che: Part One describes this event.
1968 presidential campaign 1968
McCarthy challenges Johnson
In 1968, Allard K. Lowenstein and the Vietnam anti-war movement Dump Johnson recruited McCarthy against the ruling President, Lyndon B. Johnson. Reportedly, Lowenstein first tried to recruit Senator Robert F. Kennedy, who refused to run, then Senator George McGovern, who also refused to fight Johnson (Kennedy would decide to run after the primary on March 16, 1968, and McGovern also briefly enter the race). McCarthy came in and nearly defeated Johnson in the Democratic primary of New Hampshire, with the intent of influencing the federal government - later controlled by the Democrats - to reduce his involvement in the Vietnam War. A number of anti-war college students and other activists from across the country traveled to New Hampshire to support the McCarthy campaign. Some anti-war students who have a long-haired and long-haired counter-culture look to cut their long hair and shave their beards, to campaign door-to-door McCarthy, a phenomenon that leads to an informal slogan "Get clean for Gene".
McCarthy's decision to run for himself emerged as a result of the fight against war by Wayne Morse of Oregon, one of the two Senators to vote against the Resolution of the Gulf of Tonkin in August 1964. Morse gave speeches denouncing war before entering the consciousness of most Americans. After that, some politically active Oregon Democrats asked Robert Kennedy to run for an anti-war candidate. Initially Kennedy refused, so the group asked McCarthy to run, and he responded well.
McCarthy declared his candidacy on November 30, 1967, saying, "I am concerned that the government does not seem to set a price limit that is willing to be paid for military victory." Politicians and news media rejected his candidacy, and he was given little chance to make any impact on Johnson in the primaries. But public perception about him changed after the Tet Attack (January 30-February 23, 1968), after which saw many Democrats grow up disappointed by the war, and quite interested in alternatives to LBJ. McCarthy said, "My decision to challenge the President's position and governmental position has been reinforced by the recent announcement of the government: a clear intention to step up and to intensify the war in Vietnam, and on the other hand, no positive indications or suggestions for compromise or for a negotiated political settlement. "
On December 3, 1967, Senator McCarthy spoke of the Democratic Concerns Concern Conference in Chicago, which accuses the current government of neglecting and contaminating the opportunity to bring the war into coercion, but history has finally shown that the Johnson government has made every effort to bring Hanoi into the table conference for the previous three years.
On December 11, 1967 Senator McCarthy suggested some areas in South Vietnam should be handed over to Viet Cong
When his volunteers (led by youth coordinator Sam Brown) went door to door in New Hampshire, and as the media began to pay more serious attention to the Senator, McCarthy began to rise in the polls. When McCarthy scored 42% for Johnson 49% in New Hampshire voting (and 20 of 24 N.H. delegates to the Democratic national nomination convention) on 12 March it became clear that a deep division was among Democrats on the issue of war. By this time, Johnson had become inseparable by Vietnam, and the support demonstrations divided into his party meant his re-election (just four years after winning the highest percentage of popular votes in modern history) seemed unlikely. The trio of folk Peter, Paul, and Mary released a recording of "Eugene McCarthy For President (If You Love Your Country)", supporting McCarthy, who they say stands alone against Johnson over "the more fearful man" now echoed him.
Kennedy enters the race
On March 16, Kennedy announced that he would run; many Democrats see Kennedy as a stronger candidate than McCarthy. On March 31, in a surprise move, Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection. After that, McCarthy won in Wisconsin, where Kennedy's campaign was getting more organized. McCarthy also won in Oregon against a well-organized Kennedy effort.
Although McCarthy arranged himself as a clean politician, he also took it out. Known for his intelligence, when asked whether Michigan Governor George Romney's comments that he had been "brainwashed" about the Vietnam War had ended his presidential hope, McCarthy commented, "Well... uh no, not really.After all, I think it's a mild case of rinse already enough. "He taunts Robert Kennedy and his supporters. A big mistake occurred in Oregon, when McCarthy sniffed that Kennedy's supporters were "less intelligent" than his own and belittled Indians (who by then had gone to Kennedy) for not having a poet of the figure of Robert Lowell - a friend of McCarthy who traveled with him often.
Some of those who joined McCarthy's efforts from the start were Kennedy loyalists. Now Kennedy is in the race, many of them jumping into his campaign, urging McCarthy to come out and support Kennedy for the nomination. However, McCarthy hates the fact that Bobby has let him do "dirty work" challenging Johnson, and then just entering the race so clearly that the President is vulnerable. As a result, when he initially entered the campaign with a slight illusion of victory, McCarthy now devoted himself to defeating Kennedy (and Hubert Humphrey, who entered the race after LBJ broke free), and earned a nomination.
Vice President Hubert Humphrey, long-time champion of trade unions and civil rights, entered the race with the support of "party formation", including most members of Congress, mayors, governors and trade unions. Humphrey entered the race too slowly to enter the preliminary election, but received support from the president and many people in the Democrats.
Kennedy, like his brother before him, plans to win the nomination through popular support in the primaries. McCarthy and Kennedy came to power in California, each knowing that the state would make or break them. They both campaigned vigorously up and down the country, with many polls showing their neck-and-neck, and some even predicting McCarthy's victory.
However, the televised debate between them began to tilt the undecided voters from the Minnesota Senators. McCarthy made two statements that were considered bad: That he would accept a coalition government including Communist in Saigon, and that only the relocation of blacks within the city would solve urban problems. Kennedy pounced, describing his previous ideas as soft against communism, and the latter's diagnosis as a scheme for transporting tens of thousands of ghetto inhabitants into a white and conservative Orange County.
Kennedy took an important place in California on June 4, but was shot after his victory speech at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, and died shortly thereafter. In response, McCarthy refrained from political action for several days, but did not remove himself from the race. An aide reminds him of sneering about his fallen rival, "Demonstrating the latter." Others heard him say that Kennedy "took him alone" - implying that because Kennedy had promised military support to the state of Israel, he somehow provoked Sirhan Sirhan, a Palestinian gunman who was convicted of killing him.
Despite strong performances in some introductions - indeed, he won more votes than any other Democratic candidate - McCarthy garnered only 23 percent of delegates at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, largely because of the control of the party-state organization of the delegation-the selection process. After the Kennedy assassination, many delegates to Kennedy voted in favor of George McGovern rather than McCarthy.
In addition, although the eventual candidate, Vice President Hubert Humphrey, is not clear the anti-war candidate, some anti-war Democrats hope that Humphrey as President may succeed where Johnson has failed - in liberating the United States from Vietnam. McCarthy finally gave warm support to Humphrey. Although McCarthy did not win a Democratic nomination, the "anti-war New Party", which nominated several candidates for the president that year, listed him as their candidate for a vote in Arizona, where he received 2,751 votes. He also received 20,721 votes as a writing candidate in California.
Politics after the Senate
Presidential Campaign 1972
McCarthy returned to politics as a Democratic nomination nominee in 1972, but he fared badly in New Hampshire and Wisconsin and was soon out.
Illinois is the only place where McCarthy participates actively. He got 38% of the votes against, then, leading opponents Edmund Muskie 59% (3% of the others). Better appearance of McGovern against Muskie two weeks earlier in New Hampshire. But McCarthy's campaign in Illinois is ignored by the media.
1976 Presidential Campaign
After the 1972 campaign, he left the Democratic Party, and ran for an Independent candidate for the President in the 1976 election. During the campaign, he took a libertarian stance on civil liberties, pledged to create full employment by shortening the working week, out supporting nuclear disarmament, Internal Revenue Service, and declare who he will nominate to various posts of the Cabinet if elected. But, in particular, he fought a ballistic access legislation that he deemed too restrictive and prompted voters to reject the two-party system.
Many of his legal battles during the election, along with strong grassroots efforts in friendly countries, allowed him to appear in polls in 30 states and reduce access to ballots for later third party candidates. His party affiliations are listed on the ballot, in various ways, as "Independent," "McCarthy '76," "Non-Partisan," "Petition Nominated," "Nominated," "Not Designated," and "Court Order". Although he is not listed on ballot papers in California and Wyoming, he is recognized as a writing candidate in the state. In many states, he did not run for a vice presidential candidate, but he came up with a total of 15 boxing colleagues in the states where he was required to have them. At least eight colleagues are women.
Nationally, McCarthy received 740,460 votes for 0.91% of the total number of votes that ranked third in the election. His best performance came in Oregon where he received 40,207 votes for 3.90% of the vote.
Further activism
He defied the Watergate era campaign law, becoming a plaintiff in the case of the landmark Buckley v. Valeo , 424 US 1 (1976), in which the US Supreme Court stated that certain provisions of the federal campaign funding law are unconstitutional. McCarthy, along with the New York Civil Liberties Union, philanthropist Stewart Mott, the New York State Conservative Party, the Mississippi Republican Party, and the Libertarian Party, are plaintiffs at Buckley, who are key players in campaign spending and public expenditure. political campaigns.
In 1980, disappointed by what he saw as the failure of President Jimmy Carter (later he would say, "he was the worst president we ever had"), he appeared in a campaign ad for the Libertarian candidate Ed Clark, and also wrote the introduction to Clark's campaign book. He eventually supported Ronald Reagan for the presidency.
End campaign
In 1982, he ran for a US Senator but lost primary Democrats for businessman Mark Dayton by 69% to 24%.
In the 1988 election, his name appeared on the ballot as a presidential candidate from several left-wing state parties, especially the Consumer Party in Pennsylvania and New Jersey and the Minnesota Progressive Party in Minnesota. In his campaign he supports trade protectionism, the Reagan Strategic Defense Initiative and the abolition of the two-party system. He received 30,905 votes.
In 1992, returning to the Democratic Party, he entered primary New Hampshire and campaigned for the Democratic nomination, but was removed from the first television debate and therefore most important by his moderator, Tom Brokaw of NBC. McCarthy, along with other candidates who have been excluded from the 1992 Democratic debate (including two-time Presidential Alliance candidate New Lenora Fulani, former Irvine, California mayor Larry Agran, actor Billy Jack Tom Laughlin and others) protest and unsuccessfully take legal action in an attempt to be included in the debate. Unlike other candidates who were ousted, McCarthy was a long-standing national figure and has stepped up credible campaigns for the President in previous elections. McCarthy eventually won 108,679 votes in the 1992 election.
Publish
After leaving the Senate in 1971, McCarthy became senior editor at Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishing and a syndicated newspaper columnist.
McCarthy began writing poetry in the 1960s, and his increased political superiority led to increased interest in his published works. "If any of you are a secret poet, the best way to print print is to run for president," he writes in 1968. He published a collection of poems entitled Reflection Cool: Poems For Anyone, What, When, Where and Especially Why It's All (ISBNÃ, 1-57553-595-5.)
Personal life
McCarthy dan istrinya, Abigail Quigley McCarthy, memiliki lima anak, Christopher Joseph McCarthy (30 April 1946 - 30 April 1946), Eleanor McCarthy Howell, Mary Abigail McCarthy (29 April 1949 - 28 Juli 1990), Michael Benet McCarthy , dan Margaret Alice McCarthy.
In 1969, McCarthy left his wife after 24 years of marriage, but both never divorced. According to Dominic Sandbrook, McCarthy's biographer, it was CBS News correspondent Marya McLaughlin (December 29, 1929 - September 14, 1998) with whom McCarthy was involved in a long-term relationship that lasted until McLaughlin's death in 1998.
Death and inheritance
McCarthy died of a complication of Parkinson's disease at the age of 89 on December 10, 2005, at a nursing home in Georgetown, Washington, D.C., where he had lived for several years before. His speech was given by former President Bill Clinton.
After his death, the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University dedicated their Center of Public Policy to the Eugene J. McCarthy Center for Public Policy. The Democrats commemorated his death during the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado, on August 28, 2008. The memorial included photographs of several Democrats who had died over a four-year period since the 2004 Convention was shown on a large screen. During the Senator McCarthy award, the screen displaying his picture left his first name but entered his middle name, calling him "Senator Joseph McCarthy"; Joseph McCarthy is a famous Republican Senator from Wisconsin famous for his anti-Communist campaign and a debate with journalist Edward R. Murrow.
In 2009, his alma mater, St. University John, honoring McCarthy by establishing the Eugene McCarthy Distinguished Public Service Award.
The McCarthy file as a member of the US Congress (Democratic Farmers) of Minnesota's fourth district (1949-1958) and as a US senator from Minnesota (1959-1970) is available for use in research. They include executive files, common files, legislative files, personal files, politics and campaigns (including senators, vice presidents, and presidents) files, public relations files, sounds and visual materials (with photos), and speeches.
Results of presidential election
Book by Eugene McCarthy
- Border in American Democracy (1960)
- American Political Dictionary (1962)
- Liberal Answers to the Conservative Challenges (1964)
- Power Limits: The Role of America in the World (1967)
- Year of People (1969)
- Sir. Raccoon and His Friends (1977; Academy Press Ltd., Chicago, IL); children's story, illustrated by James Ecklund
- Bestiary Politics , by Eugene J. McCarthy and James J. Kilpatrick (1979) ISBNÃ, 0-380-46508-6
- The Ultimate Tyranny: The Majority Over the Majority (1980) ISBN: 0-15-192581-X
- Minnesota Gene McCarthy: Memories of a Native Son (1982) ISBN 0-86683-681-0
- Complexity and Contrarities (1982) ISBN: 0-15-121202-3
- Up to Current Til: A Memoir (1987)
- Required Reading: A Decade of Political Wisdom and Wisdom (1988) ISBN: 0-15-176880-3
- Nonfinancial Economics: Case for Shorter Work Hours , by Eugene McCarthy and William McGaughey (1989) ISBN: 0-275-92514-5
- World Colony: USA Today (1992) ISBNÃ, 0-7818-0102-8
- Eugene J. McCarthy: Selected Poetry by Eugene J. McCarthy, Ray Howe (1997) ISBNÃ, 1-883477-15-8
- No-Fault Politics (1998) ISBNÃ, 0-8129-3016-9
- 1968: War and Democracy (2000) ISBNÃ, 1-883477-37-9
- Hard Year: Antidote for Authoritarian (2001) ISBNÃ, 1-883477-38-7
- From Rappahannock County (2002) ISBNÃ, 1-883477-51-4
- Farewell to My Busuk: Reflections on Politics and American Life (2005) ISBN: 1-55591-528-0
See also
- List of peace activists
References
Source
- Dominic Sandbrook, Eugene McCarthy and the Rise and Fall of American Liberalism (2005).
External links
- Appearance in C-SPAN
- Eugene J. McCarthy (1916-2005): The Legacy of Retired Senators and Prospective President of Anti-War
- The Minnesota senator rocked the world in '68 - Star Tribune from Minneapolis
- FBI files in Eugene McCarthy
- Gentle Senator, President Expects to Empower US Anti-War Movement - Washington Post
- Eugene Joseph McCarthy, maverick presidential candidate, died on December 10, age 89 - The Economist
- Some poems by Eugene McCarthy
- "Eugene McCarthy: An antiwar movement inspired by candidates" Los Angeles Times , December 11, 2005
- "Not Successful Like Failure." by Jon Wiener. The Nation , May 3, 2004, 50-53.
- Ron Schuler's Parlor Tricks: Eugene McCarthy from 1916 to 2005
- 1968 Eugene McCarthy's announcement speech
- 1968 McCarthy for the President's brochure
- "Gene McCarthy" Article by George McGovern at The Nation , (December 15, 2005)
- Saint John University Archives Presentation of McCarthy University Day by Peggy Roske, University of Archivist, 2010
- Obituaries from National Catholic Reporter
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