An undergraduate degree (from the Latin Latin
The term bachelor in the 12th century refers to a knight scholar, who is too young or poor to collect subordinates under his own banner. At the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior guild or university members. By folk etymology or word play, the word baccalaureus is eventually associated with bacca lauri ("laurel berry") referring to the victory given for academic success or honor.
Under the British system, and those influenced by it, the undergraduate academic degrees are distinguished as non-honorary degrees (known by various degrees of graduation, ordinary degrees or general degrees ) or honors , the latter sometimes symbolized by the addition of "(Hons)" after the degree degree. An honors degree generally requires a higher academic standard than a graduation degree, and in some systems is an additional year of study beyond a non-honors degree. In some countries, for example Australia, there is a "graduate" undergraduate degree, which may be taken as a successive academic degree, proceeding from completion of a degree program in the same field, or (in a similar way to the British system) as part of an integrated reward program.
Video Bachelor's degree
Variations
Africa
In most African countries, the university system follows their previous model of colonial power. For example, the Nigerian university system is similar to the British system, while the Ivory Coast system is similar to France.
Algeria
A bachelor's degree in Algerian university is called "????????" in Arabic or licensed in French; the degree usually takes three years to complete and is part of the LMD ("license", "master", "doctoral") reformation, students can enroll in a bachelor's degree program in various fields of study after obtaining them baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at (national secondary education test). This degree is usually synonymous with French university programs, as defined in LMD reforms. The bachelor's degree program covers most of the fields in the Algerian university, except for some areas, such as Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Botswana
A bachelor's degree at Botswana University usually takes four years. This system uses British and American models. The degrees are classified as First Class, Second Class Division One (2: 1), Second Class Division Two (2: 2) and Third in English, but without being described as honor. The main title is named by the English tradition (Arts, Science, Law, etc.), but in recent years there have been a number of titles named after certain subjects, such as the Bachelor of Library and Information.
Morocco
In Morocco, the bachelor's degree is referred to as al-? Ij? Zah (Arabic, French: licenses ). The study program takes three years, which is then divided into two cycles. The first cycle consists of the first year, or propaedeutika. Upon successful completion of their first two years, students may pursue theoretical specialization (Æ' © © tudes fondamentales ) or professional specialties (Æ' © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©). The second cycle is one year after the completion of the student receives the license d'asones fondamentales or the professional license . This academic degree system was introduced in September 2003.
Nigeria
University admissions are very competitive, with the advantages and disadvantages of officers. However, it takes four to five years to complete a bachelor's degree. In the case of poor performance, the deadline is twice the standard amount of time. For example, a person may not study for more than 10 years for a five-year course. Students are usually asked to leave if they have to be longer. University of Nigeria offers B.Sc., B.Tech. (usually from the University of Technology), B.Arch. (six years), and other special undergraduate degrees, such as B.Eng. A bachelor's degree in science may require six months or a semester dedicated to SIWES (Student Work Experience Industry Scheme) but is usually mandatory for all engineering degrees. Semesters for project/thesis work are required, excluding course work, during the undergraduate thesis in the last year. Classification of degrees: first class, second class (top and bottom), third grade (with honors; i.e., B.Sc. (Hons)) and graduated (without honor). First and second graders soon qualify for an advanced postgraduate degree (ie, M.Sc. and Ph.D.), but other classes may be required for additional postgraduate diplomas prior to the eligibility.
Furthermore, all graduating students are required to apply the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) requirements, which usually take one year, after which they are eligible to pursue a higher degree. NYSC is a paramilitary service involving students who are deployed to different parts of the country to serve in various capacities. The main goal of the NYSC is to forge national cohesion, encouraging students to apply the knowledge they gain to solving the rural problems of Nigeria, and others. NYSC was established by law after the Nigerian Civil War.
Polytechnic schools (polytechnics) in Nigeria are not considered universities. They are mandated to educate high-caliber technicians; they offer OND (regular national diploma) and HND (higher national diploma). Polytechnic is highly focused on practical technical training. B.Sc. and HND than among engineering but there are significant differences in training philosophy.
Honors degree in Nigeria is distinguished only by performance. Honors degree includes first grade, second grade (top and bottom) and third grade but not graduated. All students must undertake an independent research project that applies the knowledge gained during the previous study years.
Project work should be submitted in the semester before graduation and usually take many points. Further course work is not excluded during project work, but the courses are fewer and are at an advanced level. The project work is orally retained before the faculty and before colleagues. In science and engineering demonstration projects are usually required. The exception is the theoretical work, in which the media project is required.
South Africa
In South Africa, an honors degree is an additional postgraduate qualification in the same field with undergraduate majors, and requires at least one year of advanced study and research reports.
Tunisia
In Tunisia, the bachelor's degree is referred to as al-? Ij? Zah in Arabic, or licensed in French; this degree takes three years to complete and is part of LMD reform ( license , master , doctorat ), students can enroll in a bachelor's degree program scholars in various fields of study after obtaining them baccalaurÃÆ'Â Â at (national secondary education test). This degree is usually synonymous with French university programs, as defined in LMD reforms. Most universities in Tunisia offer a three-year bachelor's degree, except for a few areas, namely Engineering, Medicine, Pharmacy, Architecture and the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, offered only by Tunis School of Business and lasting for 4 years.
Kenya
In Kenya, university education is greatly appreciated and supported by governments, wealthy individuals and corporate entities that demonstrate this by providing loans and scholarships to students who perform very well in the Kenyan Secondary Certificate (KCSE) Certificate exam. Undergraduate degree is awarded to students who successfully complete the course of three to seven years depending on the field of study. For most degree programs, research projects and internship periods after which reports are written by students is a must before students are allowed to graduate. In 2012, a select number of selected universities are upgraded to university status in an effort to increase student intake to degree programs.
Asia
Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, universities and colleges provide three- and four-year degrees (a three-year degree program called a graduate program and a four-year degree program called honors courses) in science and business (B.Sc., BBS, BBA, China
Since the undergraduate education system in China is modeled after its American counterpart, all degrees are adapted from the United States, except the release of a degree certificate. Once students meet the course requirements, a postgraduate certificate will be awarded. To earn a degree, a student must complete and pass through the dissertation stage; only then will he be awarded a title authorized by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. Four years of education is a long standard, though some small private colleges not trusted by the Ministry of Education do offer a three-year program. Typically, about 90% of graduates can earn a degree; However, no degree is awarded with excellence or honor. This is also referred to as "Xueshi" (??).
Fiji
The colonial relationship and the establishment of the University of the South Pacific in 1968 enabled the education system to follow from the Commonwealth qualification system. The University of the South Pacific is the only university in the internationally recognized Oceania region outside Australia and New Zealand with undergraduate and other award programs. It is also the highest ranking in university rankings in the island region and also ranks above some Australian universities such as University of Canberra, Sunshine Coast University and New Zealand universities such as Lincoln University and Waikato Institute of Technology.
India
A bachelor's degree in India usually takes 3 years to complete the study although courses such as B.E./B.Tech. or MBBS takes longer. BE/BTech usually takes 4 years while MBBS usually takes 5 years to complete. Most of the degrees in Science, Commerce, and Arts are honorary degrees with electives chosen by students.
General degree and abbreviation:
- Bachelor of Arts: BA
- Bachelor of Science: BSc
- Bachelor of Commerce: Bcom
- Bachelor of Computer Applications: BCA
- Undergraduate Law: LLB
- Bachelor Degree in Engineering: BE
- Bachelor of Technology: BTech
- Bachelor of Education: BEd (BEd degree offered after completion of 3 year undergraduate course.)
- Bachelor of Medicine, Degree of Surgery: MBBS
For an academic assessment system in India, see this page.
Students usually start a Bachelor's degree after completing a Junior High School course (also known as 2) from a state or private council.
Iran
In Iran, students can study a variety of undergraduate or graduate programs that will lead to a recognized BSc or MSc and are equivalent to similar qualifications given in other countries. Most universities in Iran are part of the Islamic Azad Universiry, which has branches in all cities through Iran. Students may also provide four years of education leading to a B.Sc.
Indonesia
In Indonesia, most of the current bachelor's degrees are domain-specific titles. Therefore, there may be more than 20 undergraduate degrees. For example, S.Psi for Bachelor of Psychology (translated literally as "Bachelor of Psychology/B.Psy., B.A."), S.T. for Bachelor of Engineering (literally translated as "Bachelor of Engineering"), S.Si. to Bachelor of Science (literally translated as "Bachelor of Science"), S. Pharm for Pharmaceutical Graduate (literally translated as "Pharmacy Degree"), SE for Bachelor of Economics (literally translated as "Bachelor of Economics"), S. Kom. for Bachelor of Computer Science (literally translated as "Bachelor of Computer Science"), or S.Sos. to Bachelor of Social Sciences (literally translated as "Bachelor of Social Sciences"). In the past, the Indonesian academic system adopted an old European/Western title, such as an engineer from Ingenieur for technical and general academic degrees (doctorate from the Netherlands and finally Latin doctorandus ) for a degree in social or natural science.
Jordan
Since the undergraduate education system in Jordan is modeled after American partners, all degrees are adapted from the United States except the release of certificate degrees. Once students meet the course requirements, a postgraduate certificate will be awarded. To earn a degree, a student must complete and pass through the dissertation stage; only then will he be awarded a title trusted by Jordan's Higher Education Minister Hashemite. Four years of education is the standard length.
Nepal
In Nepal, the undergraduate degree is initially a three-year program for courses such as Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS), Bachelor of Sciences (B.Sc)., Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.), Bachelor of Arts (BA) from Tribhuvan University , University of Pokhara, Purbanchal University and the University of Kathmandu, but today most of the four-year programs for new programs such as Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), Bachelor of Business Information Systems (BBIS), Bachelor of Information Management (BIM), Bachelor of Engineering (BE) Bachelor of Science in Computer and Information Technology Studies (B.Sc).CSIT Some undergraduate programs are still three years old, such as Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Education (B.Ed). This is completed after level 10 2 (High School) or Diploma or other equivalent level of study. Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), Bachelor of Information Management (BIM), Bachelor of Business Information Systems (BBIS), Bachelor of Engineering, and Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Information Technology (B.Sc.CSIT) are some of the popular undergraduate degree programs. B.Sc. and B.B.Sc. recently turned into a four-year program of a three-year program. In Nepal, Tribhuvan University is the oldest and largest University based on the number of students and academic departments, Kathmandu University, Purbanchal University, Pokhara University, Nepal Sanskrit University, and other new regional universities currently operating. M.B.A. and B.B.A. of all universities are examined under Percentage and G.P.A systems, and traditional university programs are accessed on division bases such as passing divisions, second divisions, first divisions and differences. In Nepal, no top-ups, honors and exchanges or related degree courses are authorized and practiced by the Nepali Government and other Educational Institutions but today, Affiliates from foreign universities, online and remote mode are popular in the modern youth worker population. M.B.A., B.B.A., B. Pharmacy, B. Sc. Nursing, Bachelor of Nursing (B.N.), B. E. has a trending professional demand in the Nepalese market. To enter the University, the mandatory entrance tests provided by each University must be passed by the student to obtain placement at the university affiliated with the University for a particular subject category. In the exam, separate quotas were also provided for women and underdeveloped groups to have diversified participation and equality.
Malaysia
Institute of higher education in Malaysia provides three or four years of education leading to the B.Sc. Hons Degree. The categorization standard is almost consistent among the University of Malaysia. Candidates who excel in their academic results will be awarded a First Class Bachelor Hons Degree (usually 3.67 CGPA up), followed by the Second Upper Class (typically between 3.00-3.66 CGPA), Second Class Lower (usually 2, 50-2.99 CGPA), Grade Three (typically 2.00-2.49 CGPA) and General Title (No Honors), for normally 1.99 and under CGPA candidates.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, the arts, trade, and science colleges awarded a four-year bachelor's degree (BA, BSc, BBA, BCom, etc.). Generally these programs last four years as elsewhere in the world and begin after completing high school education by receiving a High School Certificate (HSSC) which recognizes a twelve-year study by their respective councils. Upon successful completion of these programs, a bachelor's degree is awarded by each university. The College of Engineering and Medicine provides four- and five-year degree programs for undergraduate degrees (BE/BS/BSc Engg and MBBS) which also begin after the 12th year high school. Bachelor of Architecture (BArch) degree program is five years old.
Philippines
In the Philippines, where the term "course" is commonly used to refer to a bachelor's degree, course or program, several undergraduate categories exist - the two most common degrees are awarded as Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) and Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB ). Specializations ("majors") in economics, business administration, social work, agriculture, nursing, accounting, architecture and engineering are offered as B.S. degrees in most colleges and universities. The last three specializations require five years of schooling, in contrast to the four-year standard. Other general courses are Bachelor in Education (B.Ed.) and Bachelor of Laws (LL.B., professional degree). Patterned following the United States, all universities and colleges offer graduation with predicate cum laude, magna cum laude, and summa cum laude.
Korea Republic
Universities, colleges, and tertiary institutions provide a bachelor's degree, called 'haksa' (Korean: ?? ). For example, a student who majored in literature and graduates obtained a B.A., called 'munhaksa' (Korean: ??? ). Even if he does not go to a higher education institution, one can earn a bachelor's degree through a Bachelor's Exam for Self-Education.
Sri Lanka
The recognized higher education institution is only allowed to grant degrees in Sri Lanka. A three-year full-time bachelor's degree without a specialization field is known as a general degree. Degree with specialization (in accounting, chemistry, plant biotechnology, zoology, physics, engineering, IT, law, etc.) Known as a special degree and requires four years of study and more entry qualifications. The degree in medicine, M.B.B.Sc., requires a minimum of six years.
Oceania
Australia
In Australia, the "undergraduate degree" is usually a three to four year program, leading to qualification at level 7 of the Australian Qualifications Framework. Entry into a number of professions, such as law and teaching practice, requires a bachelor's degree (a 'professional' degree). Other degrees, such as the Bachelor of Arts do not necessarily bring entry into the profession, although many organizations require a bachelor's degree for employment.
A one-year graduate degree in graduate degree can be achieved as a stand-alone course in either a bachelor's degree in the same field, or as an additional year as part of an undergraduate degree program. The honors course is usually only open to those who perform well in their undergraduate degree programs and involve studies at a more advanced level than a bachelor's degree. Both the bachelor's and bachelor's degrees are aligned with the 6th level EQF, the same as English and Irish undergraduate degrees with and without honors, and other Bologna first process qualifications.
Several undergraduate degrees (eg engineering and environmental sciences) include an integrated honors degree as part of a four-year program. Honors are generally for students who want to take a research path for graduate study, and increasingly for those who want an extra edge in the job market. Mark the scale for different Honors; Generally, First Class Honors (85-100%) show excellent achievement standards; Class II Division 1 (75-84%) is a high standard; Division 2 Class 2 (65-74%) is a good standard; The third grade (50-64%) standard is satisfactory; the last sign below 50% is the failure of the course.
The honors degree includes a major Independent research component, enabling students to develop skills that will enable them to pursue further study or to work in research roles within the industry. First or second grade (top division) awards are generally required for admission to a doctoral program (eg PhD, etc.); an alternative route to doctoral studies is through a "master's degree".
New Zealand
In New Zealand, only recognized institutions - usually universities and polytechnics - have title power.
Most college degrees are three years full-time, but certain degrees, such as Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Engineering degrees, require four years of study. The Bachelor of Medicine degree requires a minimum of six years.
Where students choose to study two undergraduate degrees simultaneously - referred to as "concurrent titles" or "double degrees" - an additional year of study is added. The number of years of required study is determined on the basis of the degree with the largest number of years. For example, B.Com. Degree requires three years of full-time study, but double B.Com.-LL.B. Degree will require five years of full-time study because LL.B. degree is four years. Exceptional students may choose to complete the degree in a shorter time by taking additional courses, usually with the help of summer school. Students who complete the double degree program will have two separate undergraduate degrees at the end of their studies.
Highly performing students can also be consistently invited to complete the 'honors' program. It usually takes an extra year of studying with an extra honors dissertation. The honor award is credited with "Hons." (eg, Bachelor of Laws (Hons.)). Some degrees also offer a Postgraduate Diploma, which often consists of the same workload, but with additional flexibility. PGDip usually does not require a dissertation. However, students can complete one if desired. Diploma awards are credited with 'PGDip' and title names (eg, 'PGDipArts' or 'PGDipScience'.
Americas
Usually this region presents undergraduate, master, doctoral, and postdoctoral degrees.
Canada
Education in Canada is governed independently by each province and region, but the general framework for degrees was approved by the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada in 2007. It adopted descriptors for bachelor, master and doctoral degrees intentionally similar to those defined by the Bologna Process.
Under this framework, four general forms of undergraduate degrees are defined: general courses that provide widespread education and prepare graduates for graduate-entry professional or occupational courses in general; an in-depth academic program in special subjects preparing graduates for graduate study in the field or employment in general; an applied program that concentrates on the mastery of practice rather than knowledge; and professional programs, often (but not exclusively) graduate-admissions, which prepare graduates to practice as professionals in a specific field. This last category includes post-graduate entries titled as if they were doctorates, such as MD, JD and DDS degrees - despite their name, this is considered a bachelor's degree.
An undergraduate degree may take three or four years to complete and is awarded by colleges and universities. In many universities and colleges a bachelor's degree is distinguished as either a bachelor or a bachelor's degree of honor. The term "Honors" is an academic distinction, indicating that students must achieve their undergraduate degree with a fairly high overall average score; in addition, some programs may require more education than non-honors programs. The degree of honor is sometimes designated by the abbreviation in parentheses '(Hon (s))'.
In Quebec, students must go through a minimum of two years of college prior to admission, for example, a three-year Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) or Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) Four-year program. As a result, there is no de jure "honorary title" (though some universities market some of their programs as a de facto honorary title in their English material), but there are some specializations that called "concentration" in French, which is mostly taken as an optional course.
In the province of Ontario, most of the undergraduate degrees offered by Ontario universities are academic. On the other hand, the Ontario provincial law requires a college degree offered by Ontario colleges to be applied and focused on the job
United States
Undergraduate degrees in the United States are usually designed to be completed in four years of full-time study, although some courses (such as engineering or architecture) typically take five, and some universities and colleges allow ambitious students (usually with the help of summer school, which takes many classes every semester or who already have credit from advanced high school or International Baccalaureateat exams) to complete in just three years. Some US colleges and universities have separate academic channels known as "honors" or "undergraduate" programs, generally offered to students' percentile (based on IPK), offering more challenging courses or more individually-directed research seminars or projects in place of the standard core curriculum. The students are awarded the same undergraduate degree with the students completing the standard curriculum but with the notation in the cursu honorum on transcripts and diplomas. Normally, the Latin honor above is separated from the notation for this honors course, but a student in the honors program must generally retain a reasonable value at least cum laude notation. Therefore, graduates may receive a diploma of Ritus Artium Baccalaureatum or Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in an ordinary course or Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude at the cursu honorum. in honors course.
If the student has completed the requirements for an honors degree only in a particular discipline (eg, English language and literature), the degree is set accordingly (eg, B.A. with Honors in English). In this case, the degree candidate will complete the normal curriculum for all subjects except the chosen discipline ("English," in the previous example). Requirements in both cases usually require completion of certain honor seminars, independent research at a higher level than is usually required (often with greater personal supervision by faculty than usual), and a written honor thesis in the main subject.
Many universities and colleges in the United States award bachelor degrees with Latin honors, usually (in ascending order) cum laude (> with honor/praise), magna cum laude "with great honor/praise"), Summa cum laude ("with the highest honor/praise"), and occasionally seen maxima cum laude ("with praise/maximum praise) "). The requirements for the award notation usually include the minimum average score (GPA), with the highest average required for the distinction of summa (or maxima , when the difference exists). In the case of several schools, such as Bates College, Carleton College, Colby College, Middlebury College, Guilford College, Franklin College Switzerland, and larger universities such as University of Virginia, Princeton University, University of North Carolina, University of Massachusetts Amherst, senior thesis for a degree in humanities or research laboratories for the natural sciences (and sometimes social sciences) degrees are also required. The five exceptions are Reed College, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Evergreen State College, Sarah Lawrence College, and Bennington College, which does not have a list of deans, Latin honorific honors, or honors courses or undergraduate courses.
Mexico
Undergraduate degrees may take an average of five years (from four to five years) to complete depending on the course and program load and they are awarded by colleges and universities. The drug is 6 to 7 years old. Each college has its own curriculum and requirements with the emphasis of their choice, which is set independently by each state of the republic. After completing all the subjects, students need final work, which means completion of seminars, research and development of a particular honor or written thesis in a particular field. Mexican regulations are defined as the obligation to receive their licenses and the title of the fulfillment of "Social Services" for the nation (usually for those who complete their studies in public institutions) as remuneration to the community in the form of social action, benefits, as students, received during the training. This requirement takes about six months to a year depending on the degree type. A bachelor's degree should not be mistakenly associated with the Spanish "Bachiller", which indicates the prerequisites for matriculation in a career or undergraduate study. The official name for a bachelor's degree in Mexico is "Licenciado" and such a study is called "Licenciatura".
A bachelor's degree should not be equated with an Engineering Degree, where an IngenierÃÆ'a begins with a name and requests an additional program for certification as Engineer.
Brazil
In Brazil, a bachelor's degree takes three to six years to complete depending on the course load and the program. A bachelor's degree is a degree sought by a Brazilian person to become a professional in a particular field of human knowledge. Master's and doctoral degrees are an additional degree for those seeking an academic career or a special understanding of a field.
Even without formal adhesion to the Bologna system, a "bachelor" in Brazil would correspond to the "first cycle" of Europe. A Brazilian "bachelor" takes three to six years for completion, as well as usually a written monograph or cover project, in the same way as a European scholar can be completed in three to four years, after that time the Europeans can start one - for the cycle program 2 years 2 is usually called "Master", according to Process Bologna.
Depending on the program and personal preference, Europeans can achieve a master's degree in just four years (three-year undergraduate and one-year Masters) and for six years (undergraduate four-year, two-year Master) higher education. In Brazil, it is possible to have a degree of "lato-sensu" specialization - different from the Brazilian "stricto-sensu" master's degree - within three years (two years for "tecnÃÆ'³logo" and additional years for specialization) or for eight years (six year for a professional degree, plus two years for a "stricto-sensu" master's degree - typical in medicine or engineering).
Colombian
In Colombia, the secondary school has two milestones, in grades 9 and 11. After completing the first 4 years of secondary school (grades 6, 7, 8 and 9), a student is considered to have completed a temporary secondary school after completing the last two years 10 and 11) are considered to have completed "bachillerato" or high school diploma.
This degree can only be academic (most common) or:
- military, given by special military schools and provide opportunities for male students not to go to conscription.
- commercial, which gives students skills focused on accounting.
- technically, which gives students skills that are focused on technical skills such as electrical, mechanical, and related matters.
- Academic, which gives students skills centered on basic education.
After graduating from high school, hopeful students must present a national exam that determines their eligibility to apply for the program they want, depending on the student's score on the exam. In Colombia, the academic degree system is similar to the US model. After completing "bachillerato" (high school), students can take one of three options. The first is called "Professional" (professional career), which is similar to a bachelor degree requiring from four to six years of study according to the chosen program; however, career-related subjects are strictly taken from scratch unlike the US where the subjects career-focused is usually part of the curriculum since the third year. Another option is called "TÃÆ' Â © cnico" (technician); this degree consists only of two and a half years of study and prepares students for technical or mechanical personnel. Finally, the third option is called "TecnÃÆ'³logo" (equivalent to an associate degree), and consists of 3 years of study. An engineering school provides to students, after a two-year program, an undergraduate degree in areas such as software, network and IT development, accounting, nursing and other fields of healthcare, mechanical, electrical and technical such areas.
The University offers undergraduate degrees in ICFES supported programs such as medicine, engineering, law, accounting, business management and other professional fields. Typical undergraduate programs usually require 10 or 11 semesters and some (eg Drugs) require an additional period of service or practice to apply for a degree. A student who has obtained a bachelor's degree may choose to pursue a career study after completing their undergraduate degree by continuing to a Master's and Doctorate degree. They can also choose a specialization in a particular field of study by doing an extra year.
ICFES is a national authority for the quality of education. A full list of undergraduate and graduate programs approved by ICFES can be found here: http://snies. mineducacion.gov.co/consultasnies/programa/buscar.jsp?control=0.09832581685767972
Guyana
In Guyana, the university offers Bachelor programs in various streams such as Bachelor of Arts (B.A), Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Design and Art, Liberal Arts, Psychology, Doctor of Medicine (MD) and other health sciences programs. These programs are delivered by Guyana University, Texas University of America, Green Heart Medicine University, Lesley University and many more that offer this degree program. Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Venezuela Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Venezuela
In these countries, there are two titles that should not be confused:
- High school students passing bachillerato or their secondary school exam are certified Bachiller en EducaciÃÆ'³n Secundaria ("bachelor's degree in secondary education"), which is required to enter universities and usually requested by companies on their profiles. Students earn degrees in their respective fields after completing a four-year, five-year course in Venezuela and El Salvador, (and meeting other requirements unique to each institution), equivalent to a bachelor's degree, allowing to work as professionals in their chosen field; for example, an Bachiller en EnseÃÆ' Â ± anza Secundaria ("a bachelor's degree in secondary teaching") allows one to work as a high school teacher. Currently, the trend is for universities not to offer a bachelor's degree and to offer diplentiate or "Ingeniero" degrees after five years of education.
Europe
The bachelor's degree is in almost every country in Europe. However, this degree was recently introduced in several Continental European countries, where an undergraduate degree is unknown before the Bologna process. The undergraduate program in Europe as a whole leads to the following most accepted degrees:
- Bachelor of Science degree (B.Sc.), 35% -40% degree program;
- Bachelor of Arts degree (B.A.), 30% -35% undergraduate program;
- Bachelor of Laws degree (LL.B.), 1% of the total program, but is widely accepted in the discipline of law.
The rest of the program usually leads to a Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) Degree, a Bachelor of Business Administration (B.B.A.), or other variant. Also, the degree of association increases in popularity at the undergraduate level in Europe.
On a country-by-country basis, per-discipline and sometimes even per-institute, the duration of the degree program is usually three or four years, but can range from three to six years. This is an important factor in the student decision-making process.
Austria
The historical situation in Austria is very similar to that in Germany, with the traditional first degree being Magister and Diplom , which is a master level qualification. From 2004, a bachelor's degree has been reintroduced as part of the Bologna Process reform. This can be studied at the university, leading to a BA or BSc degree after three or four years, and at Fachhochschulen (university of applied sciences), leading to Bachelor (FH) after three years.
Belgium
Education in Belgium is run by a language community, with a separate higher education system run by the Flemish Community and the French Community. Both systems have been reformed to align with the Bologna Process, the Flemish Community from 2003 and the French Community from 2004. In the Flemish Community, a bachelor's degree may be either academic or professional. These degrees lasted the last three years, and can be followed in both cases with a more advanced diploma, which lasts one year (with an Australian bachelor's degree). All of these qualifications are at level 6 on the EQF, where the Flemish Qualification Framework is referenced in June 2011. In the French Community, the university grants a bachelor degree (3 years) as an equivalent of a bachelor's degree. Outside of the university, a professional program may be a long type (long type) or court type (short type), both offered at Hautes Ecoles and > Ecoles SupÃÆ'  © rieures des Arts . Type long takes in de bachelier class (long type) (3 years), followed by master title (1 or 2 years), while court type has a de bachelor professionalnalisant (court type) class (3 years), which can be followed by a bachelor de spà © cialisation (1 year ). All bachelier degrees (including bachelier de spà ©  © cialisation ) are equivalent to level 6 EQF, but have not been formally reffered.
Croatian
Most universities and colleges in Croatia currently offer a three-year undergraduate program, which can be followed up specifically with a two-year (graduate) master's program.
- After completing the undergraduate professional study, the student is awarded a Professional Bachelor's degree, abbreviated to bacc. ( baccalaureus or stru? ni prvostupnik in Croatian) with reference to specialization.
- Undergraduate university studies typically last for three to four years and upon completion, students are awarded a Bachelor's academic degree, abbreviated univ. bacc. ( baccalaureus or ili? ni prvostupnik in Croatian).
Academy specializing in art, e. g. The Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb, has a four-year undergraduate program followed by a one-year master.
Czech Republic
Historically, baccalareus is a bachelor degree awarded to students graduating from trivium courses (grammar, dialectics and rhetoric) at the liberal arts faculty (either at Charles University or at Olomouc University). It is a necessary prerequisite to proceed both with the liberal arts faculty (quadrivium leading to a master's degree and advanced to a doctorate) or to study at one of three other historical faculties - law, medicine or theology.
Undergraduate degree, abbreviated Bc.A., in the field of fine arts, and Bc. ( BakalÃÆ'¡? in Czech) in other fields awarded for accredited undergraduate programs at universities and colleges.
Most of the undergraduate programs offered in the Czech Republic have a standard duration of three years.
In tertiary education systems in the Czech Republic, most universities and colleges now offer a three-year undergraduate program, which can be specifically followed up with a two-year master's program (graduate). Some specializations, such as medical doctors and veterinarians, hold the exception of the common system that the only option is a six-year master's program without a graduate stage (graduates with doctor degree). This is mainly due to the difficulty of meaningfully dividing education for this specialization.
Denmark
The bachelor's degree was reintroduced at the universities in Denmark in 1993, after the original title (baccalaureus) was abandoned in 1775. The undergraduate degree was awarded after three or four years of university study and following a scheme very similar to England. one. Two graduate degrees are awarded at university level today:
- Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.), awarded to students with a primary focus on scientific, medical or technical fields;
- Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), awarded to students whose primary focus is on the humanistic, theological, or jurisprudential fields.
However, both in business and academic world in Denmark, the degree is still considered the "first half" of a master (candidate). It is often not regarded as a title in its own right, though the politicians' best efforts to make it more acceptable.
Bachelor's degrees have also been in use since the late 1990s in a number of fields such as nursing and teaching. Commonly referred to as the "Professional Bachelor" (Danish: professionsbachelor ), this degree usually requires 3 to 4 1/2 years of combined theoretical and practical studies at a so-called "college" ("Danish"): professionshÃÆ'¸jskole ) This professional undergraduate degree provides access to some university master's programs.This professional degree is considered a full-time education.
Faroe Islands
A bachelor's degree in the Faroe Islands is much the same as in Denmark.
French
The traditional bachelor's degree is equivalent to a three-year License. Since the new European system of the LMD process Bologna 2004 was established, it has become the standard for recognizing a three-year bachelor degree with a licensure degree, a five-year master's degree, and an eight-year doctorate.
Yet some private institutions literally renamed their graduate degrees, Masters and Executives, such as the Bordeaux MBA/CollÃÆ'¨ge International de Bordeaux. Not all of them are not yet accredited by the French State, but offer courses, structures, and methods similar to those found in Anglo-Saxon institutions.
German
Historically, the Bachelor's degree, called "Bakkalaureus ", originally existed in Germany since the late Middle Ages. They were abolished until 1820 as part of the current educational reform. An Abitur Degree - a final degree received at school after a special two-year 'lecture phase' - replacing it, and the university only gives a bachelor's degree.
A Master's degree, a bachelor's degree, is awarded after five years of study. In 1899, a second bachelor's degree, Diplom, was introduced when Technische Hochschulen (TH) received university status. Since the introduction of the university of applied sciences, the shortened version of the latter, called as Diplom (FH) and designed to take three to four years, was introduced between 1969 and 1972.
However, in order to comply with the European process of Bologna, in 1998 the new educational law reintroduced a bachelor's degree (first degree after three years of study) in Germany. Today, this title may be called " Bakkalaureus " or "Bachelor" (in accordance with federal law), but the English term is more general. According to Bologna's modell, the Bachelor is followed by a two-year post-graduate master's degree. Traditional Diplom and Master degrees were largely removed in 2010, Diplom remains in several subjects and universities and has been reintroduced as an alternative degree in several places.
Traditional titles have been re-mapped to the new European Credit Transfer and Accumulation Points (ECTS) points system to make them comparable to a new bachelor's degree. The traditional process degree and Bologna are ranked as follows in Germany:
- Bachelor: 180, 210, or 240 ECTS points are required;
- Diplom Union or TH: 300 ECTS;
- Master: 300 ECTS (including bachelors).
Italy
The old, five, or six year old laurea system was discontinued in the early 2000s according to the Bologna process, with some exceptions such as law school or medical school. A bachelor's degree, called "Laurea triennale" or just "Laurea", takes three years to complete (note that Italian students graduate from high school at age 19) and grant access to a bachelor's degree (known as "Laurea Magistrale"). In order to graduate, students must earn 180 credits (ECTS) and write a thesis that students must elaborate on an argument under the supervision of a professor (generally from three to eight ECTS). The passing grade rises from 66 to 110. According to any internal decision of the faculty, a lode may be awarded to candidates with marks 110/110 for recognition of the final project benefits.
Macedonia
In 2003, the German-style education system was changed to fit ECTS due to the Bologna process. The existing academic degree is awarded with a diploma converted into baccalaureus (bachelor's degree). The university usually gives a bachelor's degree after three years (after which, the master's degree will be two years) or four years (after which, the master's degree will be a year old).
Dutch
In the Netherlands, a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Arts degree was introduced in 2002. Until then, a program leading to a doctoral degree is valid, consisting of the same coursework burden as the undergraduate program and the Master is united. (Doctoral degree is used for almost all fields of study: other degrees are used for legal studies (meester) and engineering (ingenieur).) Those who have started doctorandus programs may, upon completion, choose doctorandus (before their name, abbreviated 'drs.' ), or simply use a master's degree (behind their name) in accordance with the new standards. Because these graduates do not have a separate undergraduate degree (which is actually - in retrospect - incorporated into the program), the master's degree is their first academic degree.
In 2003/2004, the Dutch degree system was changed due to the Bologna process. Former degrees include: baccalaureus (bc for bachelors, in accordance with the BASC or BAA degree, can be declared as "B" followed by the specialization field instead of "bc.")
While the title., Bc., Ir., Mr., Drs. and dr. used before the name itself, degrees B, M or D are mentioned after a person's name. Still allowed to use traditional titles.
Whether a bachelor degree is awarded by hogeschool or university is highly relevant because these higher education parallel systems traditionally serve somewhat different purposes, with vocational colleges primarily concentrating on practical skills and training. A B.A. or B.Sc. from university grants 'direct' entry into the master program. In addition, this is usually regarded as a formality to allow students to switch to foreign university master programs. Meanwhile, those who have completed HBO from vocational colleges, representing the highest levels of vocational education available, can only continue to "master" after completing challenging years of additional study, which in itself can serve as a type of selection process, with candidate of M.Sc. students are asked to cover many things in one year.
More recently, the HBO (vocational) master's degree has been introduced in the Netherlands. Graduates may not use the extension "Art" (M.A.) or "Science" (M.Sc.). They can use M followed by a specialization field (eg, M.Des).
This year learning to "convert" from vocational to academic (WO- wetenschappelijk onderwijs , literally "scientific education") is also known as "bridge" or "early years". Note that although the use of the term "university of applied sciences" of higher vocational colleges is not considered "university" in the Netherlands.
An important aspect of the Dutch (and other) degree programs relative to some of those offered abroad include:
- Duration. While in many countries courses are completed within the given time under normal circumstances, degree programs offered at some (though not all) Dutch institutions, including the most prestigious ones, can only be completed in three years by the best performing students.
- Academic year. The academic year of the Netherlands has a formal duration of 42 weeks. In practice, students are often expected and required to spend a lot of "free" time to revise the exam. This is not always true elsewhere, because in many countries a very long summer holiday is taken or a test is before the winter holiday than after.
- Learning curve. Some educational systems, especially the English ones, involve a gentle introduction during the first year. This is generally not the case in the Netherlands, with difficulty levels in the first year of serving as a type of "independent selection" with poorly committed and underprivileged students on a regular basis find it difficult to follow.
In February, 2011, the Netherlands State Minister of Education decided to comply with the recommendations written in the report by Commission Veerman. In the near future, the differences between academic and higher vocational degrees will be lost.
Polish
In Poland, a diplenateate degree corresponds to a bachelor's degree in Anglophone countries. In Polish, this is called licensed . To earn a licensed degree, one must complete three years of study. There are also degrees called engineers ( In? Ynier ) that are different from licensed because they are given by technical universities and programs usually last for 3.5 years. After that, students can continue their education for 2 or 1.5 years, respectively, to earn a Polish magisterium, which corresponds to a master's degree.
Portugal
Currently, the Portuguese equivalent bachelor's degree is licenciatura , awarded after three years of study (four in some cases) at an accredited university or polytechnic. This is the first undergraduate cycle study program required to progress to further studies such as a master's degree program.
Prior to the Bologna process (2006/2007), bacharelato (undergraduate degree) exists in the Portuguese higher education system. It takes three years of study, roughly equivalent to now licenciatura . At that time, licenciatura refers to the title of the license holder (equivalent to the current master's degree), which typically takes five years of study. A licenciatura can also be obtained by doing two years of learning after getting bacharelato .
Today, former titles and now licenciatura are referenced in Portugal, respectively, as pre-Bologna and post-Bologna licenciaturas .
A specialist degree (Russian: ?????????? ), (Ukrainian: ???? i ?? i ?? ) is the first academic difference in the Soviet Union, awarded to students after completing a five-year study at university level. Levels can be compared either with bachelor's and master's degrees. In the early 1990s, the title Bakalavr (??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? After a bachelor's degree (usually four years), one can earn a master's degree (one or two years) while maintaining a five year old specialist scheme.
Spanish
In Spain, due to the ongoing transition to a model consistent with the Bologna treaty, the exact equivalent of a common Anglo-Saxon graduate degree and master degree is being progressively carried out. Currently, there is a bachelor's degree called "TÃÆ'tulo de Grado" or simply "Grado" (the duration is generally four years), a postgraduate master's degree called "TÃÆ'tulo de MÃÆ'tick" or "MÃÆ'¡ster" (between one and two years) and a doctorate called "TÃÆ'tulo de Doctor" or "Doctorado". The "TÃÆ'tulo de Grado" is now a prerequisite for access to Master studies. "TÃÆ'tulo de MÃÆ'¡ster" is now a prerequisite for access to doctoral studies, and the duration and type of institutions that can teach these programs are organized within the framework of the European Higher Education Area.
Until 2009/2010, the system is divided into three degree categories. There are so-called first-cycle degrees: "Diplomado" or "Ingeniero TÃÆ'Ã… © cnico", with nominal duration varying between three and four years; there is also a second cycle degree: "Licenciado" or "Ingeniero" with nominal duration varying between four and six years; and finally the third degree of cycles: "Doctor." The first degree of official cycles is comparable in terms of duration, scope, and educational outcome for an Anglo-Saxon bachelor degree. Meanwhile, the degree of the second cycle is comparable in terms of duration, scope, and educational outcomes to an Anglo-Saxon bachelor's degree Master's degree when compared to the Anglo-Saxon system. In this traditional system access to doctoral studies is only granted to holders of titles "Licenciado", "Ingeniero" or "Arquitecto" (second cycle), and the title "Master" or "Master" is not set (so, there is coexistence of what is called a program "Master" with different durations, from several months to two years, supported by universities or centers without official recognition) and only the reputation of programs/institutions that can support it.
Swedish
Swedish equivalent of a bachelor's degree is called kandidatexamen. Obtained after three years of study, which is at least one and a half years in the major subjects. A thesis of at least 15 ECTS credits should be included in the degree. Previously, there was a Bachelor of Law ( juris candidate ) that required 4.5 years of study, but this title now has a new name, (and now a master's degree called " Master of Laws "). Swiss
Like Austria and Germany, Switzerland has no tradition of bachelor and master degrees. In 2003, after the adoption of the Bologna process, undergraduate and postgraduate degrees replaced the old degree. On December 1, 2005 the Swiss Universities' Rector Conference granted holders of lizentiat or diploma rights to use the appropriate title of the master . In 2006, a certificate of equality was issued by the university that issued the original title. Currently three to four years of study are required to be awarded a bachelor's degree. A master's degree will require two to three years of coursework and a thesis.
United Kingdom
The bachelor's degree is a standard bachelor's degree in the UK, with the most common degrees being a bachelor of arts (BA) and a bachelor of science (BSc). Most undergraduate degree programs (apart from very rare graduate awards, and those in the fields of medicine, dentistry and veterinary medicine) result in an honors degree, with an ordinary degree generally only given to those who do not meet the required pass marks for honors. With the exception of a graduate degree and a bachelor's degree in medicine, dentistry and veterinary medicine, an English (either honors or non-honors) degree is the first cycle qualification (under cycle) under the Bologna Process. A graduate degree and a bachelor's degree in medicine, dentistry and veterinary medicine is the second cycle qualification (end of cycle). Several undergraduate degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary science offer an interminable degree on the way to final qualification.
A bachelor's degree should not be equated with a baccalaureate qualification, which gets its name from the same root. In the UK, baccalaeureate qualifications, e.g. International Baccalaureate, Welsh Baccalaureate, English Baccalaureate, obtained in secondary school rather than being undergraduate degree qualification.
Until the 19th century, a bachelor's degree represents a first degree in a particular faculty, with Art representing undergraduate studies, so the Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL) at Oxford and the Bachelor of Laws (LLB) at Cambridge, for example, is a graduate degree. The remains of this system still remain in the ancient universities, with Oxford and Cambridge awarding BA for a bachelor's degree in arts and sciences (though both gave BTh degrees through related theological colleges, and Oxford gave the BFA degree in addition to BA ) and defines other bachelor's degrees (eg BPhil, BCL) as a postgraduate award equivalent to a master's degree, although many graduate degrees have now been replaced by equivalent master's degrees (eg LLM for LLB at Cambridge and MSc for BSc in Oxford). The same historical use to demonstrate a bachelor's degree by being in an art faculty rather than being a graduate degree raises the Oxbridge MA and the Scottish MA.
General degree and abbreviation:
- Bachelor of Arts: BA
- Bachelor of Science: BSc
- Undergraduate Law: LLB
- Bachelor of Civil Law: BCL
- Bachelor Degree in Engineering: Beng
- Bachelor of Education: BEd
- Bachelor of Medicine, Degree of Surgery: MBBS, MBBCh, BMBS, BMBCh
- Bachelor of Surgery
Source of the article : Wikipedia
Swiss
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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