Pollination Bag , sometimes called a ferry bag, insulation bag or exclusion bag, is a container made of different materials for the purpose of controlling pollination for plants.
Video Pollination bags
Pollination Bag
The pollination bag is designed to fit the flower or individual interest of the plant species. The size, shape and strength of the bag should ensure that there is no contact with interest to avoid disease progression and physical barriers in seed development. Bag size will vary with the size of the inflorescence to be borne. The pollination bag can be 2D or 3D. 3D bags have a knot for expansion to avoid contact between plants and bags. Sometimes the pollination bag may have a window to allow inspection of the inflorescence without removing the pouch. Bags with flaps above the window, when provided, protect against strong sunlight.
Most pollination bags are manufactured by a common paper bag manufacturer that has branched into the supply of pollination bags. Such bags may not suit the needs of different plant breeders. Some companies such as PBS International UK, Del Star (Delnet) Technologies (Delnet bag) and Focus Packaging produce customized bags of different quality for individual needs. Modifications in bags have been made that allow pollen collection without opening the pockets to minimize contamination. These bags have provisions on one side that allow the attachment of plastic tubes where pollen can be collected after shaking the bag. Bags for female flowers sometimes have nozzles to introduce pollen without the need to open.
Plant breeders often face the problem of opening the bag at the seams. Glued seams are not durable under the rainy weather conditions. Pollination tents are also used for controlled pollination.
Maps Pollination bags
Type of pollination bag
- Kraft Paper : The pollination bag used in Sorghum and corn is made from strong Kraft paper. These bags are coated with strong brown paper but can be damaged by rain and birds to some extent.
- Canvas : They are made of strong natural cotton fibers but draw moisture in rain. They also attract bacteria because of the high content of cellulose. However, they are breathing and can be washed.
- Glassine : They are made of glossy paper and are also called butter paper bags. They are a type of water repellent but can be damaged by strong winds and birds. It is used in wheat and barley. Focus Packaging produces this kind of bag.
- Plastic/polyethylene : In general this covers many types of materials. It may have a transparent hard plastic bag or soft type of bread. Polyethylene nylon type when spun flash is strong and used as protective clothing. Non-woven hybrid process is also produced. These pockets fall in the light and the air does not pass through them but the water is wasted.
- Polyester : Non-woven polyester pollination bags are often used in plant breeding programs related to forestry, fruit breeding and some pollinated plants. They are also used where endurance is essential. PBS International specializes in this type of product.
- Tyvek : Dupont Company manufactures non-woven polyethylene which can be converted into a bag. This fabric is used as a moisture-proof membrane, envelopes and protective clothing among other objects. This type of bag is strong but not as tough as others.
- Micro-mesh or micro-perforated cloth: Polypropylene non-woven melts and presses breathable and waterproof material. This bag has a micro perforation to allow plants to breathe and is available in various sizes and hole patterns. The pore size may vary according to the density of the suppressed fibers. Usually rough edges are outside so as not to damage the plant. This bag is used in forestry and grass.
- Organza Sachet : often found in party or beverage outlets is a cheap alternative used by home gardeners.
Plant breeders have used pollination bags made of various materials such as: brown paper (Pickering, 1977); glassine (Foster, 1968, Tsangarakis and Fleming, 1968), polythene (plastic and Schemetz and Clark, 1967, Smith and Mehlenbacher 1994), butter paper (Dahiya and Jatsara , 1979), cellophane (Jensen, 1976, Subrahmanyam, 1977), paraffin paper (Shigenobu and Sakamoto, 1977), pergamyn or parchment (Jensen, 1976; Hall, 1954), plastics (Cooper et al., 1978; ), polythene (Keller, 1945; Martin and Chapman, 1977), polyester (McAdam, et al., 1987; Hata et al., 1995). Alternative materials have been reported to have beneficial effects on seed production, including terylene (Foster, 1968) and Kraft paper bags (Wells, 1962; Smith and Mehlenbacher, 1994)). Others (Smith and Mehlenbacher, 1994;) have used paper bags and variations of polyethylene spun bags made from spun-bonded polyethylene fiber sheets designed and marketed as vapor barriers for residential building construction (Tyvek Home- wrap, DuPont Corp., Wilmington DE); fabric bags of polyester, muslin and nylon cotton fabrics (Neal and Anderson, 2004); and polyester fabrics of micromesh (Nel and J van Staden, 2013; Vogel et al., 2014).
Characteristics of pollination bags
A good pollination bag is one that has most of the following properties:
- Sufficient strength against blisters and torn by wind, rain storms and birds in open fields or water spray in greenhouses.
- Highly effective barrier for pollen with pores smaller than the size of pollen.
- Allows sunlight penetration for continued photosynthetic activity in the bag. However, the material must be stable UV.
- Humidity and air must pass through the bag. There should be enough aeration that should not let the temperature rise drastically.
- Rainwater should not be accommodated in bags and rain does not degrade bag quality. The bag should dry quickly after rain.
- Fungal diseases should not develop in the bag. This will result from the combined effects of the surrounding conditions for moisture, aeration, and maintenance of the temperature in the bag.
- A good bag should allow the ambient micro environment in it for the development of strong and healthy seeds that will reflect higher yields and viability of seeds for healthy seeds that will ensure early formation in the field.
- Bags should be flexible and flexible to facilitate transportation and management during operation.
Patent
The patent for powder bag design for corn hybridization in the US was given to Tell and Des Moines in 1985. This design allows the expansion of the pockets to stay in the shoot during high winds and allow the shoots to grow inside. The cover is transparent to allow workers to observe the stage of development. The cover material is a vapor that can be used to prevent unwanted condensation from destruction of transparency and to prevent the growth of mold, mold and bacteria. However, the bag has been patented to protect fruit, vegetables, and small plants by Kollath and Huffman (2000). These bags are made of hollow material through sunlight, water and air but have considerable perforations to get rid of insects. Guthrie (1988) patented the pouch to process fruit or vegetables especially apples.
See also
- Pollination
- Cheats (biology)
- Domestication
- Pollination of fruit trees
- Hand pollination
- Paul Knuth
- Hermann MÃÆ'¼ller (botanist)
- Plant reproductive morphology
- Pollination syndrome
- The pollinator
- Self pollination
References
External links
- International PBS
- DelStar Inc
- Focus Package
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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