A sky lantern (simplified Chinese: traditional Chinese: << >, pinyin: ti? nd? ng ), also known as Kongming Lantern or China lantern , is a small hot air balloon made of paper, with a hole in the bottom of the small fire place postponed.
In Asia and elsewhere around the world, sky lanterns have been traditionally created for centuries, to be launched for play or as part of long-standing celebrations. The name "sky lantern" is a translation of the Chinese name but they have also been referred to as the candlelight or fire balloons .
Video Sky lantern
Construction
The common design is a thin paper shell, which may be from about 30 cm to several meters, with openings at the bottom. The opening is usually about 10 to 30 cm (even for the largest shell), and is surrounded by a rigid collar that serves to suspend the source of the fire and keep it away from the wall.
When turned on, the flame heats the air inside the lantern, thus lowering its density and causing the lantern to rise into the air. The sky lantern is only in the air as long as the fire remains on, after which the lantern returns to the ground.
- In China and Taiwan, sky lanterns are traditionally made from oily rice paper on bamboo frames. The hot air source may be a small candle or fuel cell consisting of flammable wax.
- In Thailand, sky lanterns are often made traditionally from oily rice paper on bamboo frames. They can also be built from other lightweight papers. The hot air source is usually a small candle or fuel cell consisting of a flammable burning wax material and which usually remains lit despite an airflow around it. The Thai name is khom loi. Many areas of Asia, however, do not permit sky lanterns due to widespread fire hazards and dangers to livestock.
- In Brazil, Mexico, and possibly other Latin American countries, the sky lantern is traditionally made of several patches of thin translucent paper (locally called "silk paper"), in various bright colors, glued together to create a polyhedral shell colorful. A fairly common design is two pyramids that are joined together by a base (bipyramid, like an octahedron) occasionally with a cube or a prism inserted in the center. Only a smaller model that has a full frame made of bamboo or thin wire; little hot air pressure is sufficient to keep the larger increase, and the frame is reduced to a wire loop around the bottom opening. The "candle" is usually a pack of paraffin or rosin wrapped tightly in a cloth and fastened with wire.
Maps Sky lantern
History
According to neuroscientist and scientific historian Joseph Needham, the Chinese experimented with a small hot-air balloon to signal since the beginning of the 3rd century BC, during the Warring War period. Traditionally, however, their findings have been associated with wise and military strategist Zhuge Liang (181-234 CE), which is Kongming. He is said to have used a message written on a sky lantern to summon help on an occasion when he was surrounded by enemy troops. For this reason, they are still known in China as Kongming Lanterns (???, ???, ki NgmÃÆ'ng d? Ng ). Another suggested origin is that the name actually derives from the lantern resemblance to the hat traditionally shown by Kongming.
Sky lanterns can be a possible explanation for some UFO sightings over the years.
Use in festival
Mainland China
In ancient China, the sky lantern was strategically used in war. However, later, non-military applications were employed because they became popular among children at the festival. These lanterns are then incorporated into festivals such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and Chinese Lanterns.
Taiwan
Pingxi District in New Taipei City of Taiwan holds an annual Lantern Festival where the sky lantern is released into the night sky with the desire of the written people, to send desires and messages to God. The Lantern Festival is also known as the 15th day of the Lunar New Year, the last day of celebration for the Lunar New Year.
Thai
The Lanna people in northern Thailand use "floating lanterns" (??????, khom loi ) throughout the year, for celebrations and other special occasions. One of the most important festivals in which the sky lantern is used is the Yi Peng festival, held on the full moon of the 2nd month (???????, Yi Peng ) of the Lanna calendar (Yang coinciding with Loi Krathong, a traditional festival on the 12th month of the Thai lunar calendar). During the festival of Yi Peng, many lanterns are launched into the air where they resemble giant flocks of giant jellyfish that gracefully float in the sky. The most elaborate Yi Peng celebration can be seen in Chiang Mai, the ancient capital of the previous Lanna kingdom. This festival is meant as a time to get the reward of Buddha (?????, tham bun ). Lately, floating lanterns have become very popular among all the Thais so they have integrated into festivals throughout the country.
In addition, people will also decorate their homes, gardens, and temples with elaborately shaped paper lanterns (?????, khom fai ) of various shapes. It is considered good:} luck to release the sky lantern, and many Thais believe that they are a symbol of floating problems and concerns.
Portugal and Brazil
In Brazil, the sky lantern ( balÃÆ' Â £ o in Portuguese) is a traditional feature of the winter holiday ( Festas Juninas ) at the end of June. Claimed that custom was brought to Brazil from Portugal by the colonists in the 16th century, and still strong in Portugal, especially in Porto. The June holiday tradition also includes firecrackers and fireworks, other Chinese discoveries; so it is estimated that these elements may have been brought from China by Portuguese explorers around 1500. The designs and customs of the Brazilian sky lanterns were modified according to their festivals.
Frei Bartolomeu de GusmÃÆ'Â ° o, using this large-scale version of this lantern, was the first to fly a hot air balloon on August 8, 1709, in the hall of Casa da ÃÆ'nia in Lisbon, Portugal, long before the Montgolfier siblings.
The Brazilian sky lanterns are usually made by small groups of children and adolescents; but adults sometimes join the effort, especially for bigger and more complicated balloons. The launch of a large lantern, which can be one or two meters long, usually requires the cooperation of several people, to hold the balloon fully stretched until it is fully increased. Lanterns with 20 meters or more and filled with firecrackers and large flags are not uncommon. It is important to note that launching lanterns in Brazil is an environmental crime, punishable up to 3 years in prison since 1998.
India
To represent the Star of Bethlehem during the Christmas season, as part of the celebration of the sky lantern is released into the night sky in hopes of a new year. In Bengal and Northeast India, Buddhists celebrate their Probarona Purnima which marks the end of their three months lent by releasing the fanush sky lantern (fanush), this is the second largest festival of the Buddhist community. During the Diwali festival (Light Festival) the eco-friendly sky lantern is used for the festivities along with the fireworks.
Dangers
The sky lanterns can land when the flame is still burning, making it a fire hazard. In a typical design, as long as the lantern stays upright the paper will not be hot enough to light up, but if the balloon is tilted (for example, by wind or by crashing some objects), it may burn while still in the air. All papers will usually burn in a few seconds, but the source of the fire may stay on until it hits the ground.
Once the balloon expands, the remaining thin wire will rust very slowly, still harmful to the animal that may swallow it. In 2009 the British company Sky Orbs Chinese Lanterns developed lanterns with bio-degradable flame retardant strands as a replacement for metal wire. Many other European manufacturers adopt similar designs. In 2012 the same company released a patented design with refractory base following a fire report caused by the lantern.
Sky lanterns are also suspected to pose a danger to the aircraft.
On July 1, 2013, the 'biggest fire ever' in the West Midlands of England, involving 100,000 tons of recyclable material and causing damage worth six million pounds, was started by a sky lantern that landed at a plastic recycling plant in Smethwick. Images of lanterns that started a fire were captured on CCTV. Responding to the fire, Poundland decided to stop selling the sky lanterns and pull back their entire stock on July 6, 2013.
Legal status
Although it has been used for centuries, there are growing concerns by some about the potential hazards of causing crop fires or building and even endangering animals that may eat their remains. Despite the general lack of prevalence some places have banned them for these reasons.
The city of Sanya in China bans sky lanterns because of their danger to aircraft navigation and air space.
It is illegal to launch sky lanterns in most parts of Germany; where unauthorized use, such as in Herford, needs to obtain prior permission from local authorities. In Austria, it is illegal to produce, sell, import, or distribute it. In Argentina, Chile, and Colombia it is illegal to launch lanterns, as well as in Spain and Vietnam. In Brazil launching a lantern is an environmental crime, can be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison since 1998.
Retail sales (but not property and use) sky lanterns that "rely on open flames to heat the air inside the lantern" are banned in Australia on February 1, 2011.
Sky Lanterns has also been banned in Kittitas County, Washington due to fire problems on June 20, 2013. Since then, the state of Washington has banned the sky lanterns across the state.
See also
- The light effect of the balloon is brought
- Balloon fires
- Hot air balloon
- Lantern
- Unidentified flying object
References
External links
- How to Make Chinese Sky Lantern
- The Pingsi Festival Sending Lanterns to Heaven
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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