Student publications are media outlets such as newspapers, magazines, television shows, or radio stations produced by students at educational institutions. These publications usually cover local and school related news, but they can also report national or international news as well. Most student publications are part of a curricular class or run as extracurricular activities.
Student publications serve as platforms for community discussion and a place for those interested in journalism to develop their skills. This publication reports news, publishes student and faculty opinions, and can run ads that serve students. In addition to these objectives, student publications also serve as watchdogs to uncover problems at school. The majority of student publications are funded through their educational institutions. Some funds can be generated through sales and advertising, but most usually come from the school itself. Therefore, educational institutions have a special way in which they can influence publications through funding.
Video Student publication
Online student publications
Due to the increasing adoption of Internet-accessible devices such as computers and smartphones, many high schools and colleges have begun offering online editions of their publications in addition to printed copies. (The first student newspaper in the United States to actually abandon printed issues for the sake of a website was The Campus Lantern in Eastern Connecticut State University, did it in the 2000s but the paper The Lantern since then it has been brought back.) Due to the publication of online student publishing content it can now reach a much wider audience than ever before. With so many students publishing online, content is more accessible to the student body and content production is easier and cheaper. Because student publications are becoming increasingly scarce and student publications are moving online to meet today's student news needs, students' newspapers will experience some problems. One of these problems is an increase in demand for new content. While once-daily or even once-weekly updates are accepted for student publication, real-time information resources will soon be demanded by growing students with constant updates of news coverage. This shift in content demand will require more effort and more time by the student newspaper staff.
One of these problems is the so-called "my daily." Created by Cass Sunstein in his book Republic of "I, Republic", "daily me" is the current trend of online readers looking for personalized information providers. This way the reader deals only with the subject they want to deal with. In this way, readers are not distracted by material that they are not interested in and can personalize the information product itself, adding value to themselves and providers. However, some believe this trend may not be the best for the people, who are now confronted with the public who chooses how well to be told. On campus paper, this trend is likely to manifest itself in an increasing number of "hits" to the general "sports" and "opinion" sections of the paper, while the hard-news section is not noticed. This new type of print culture can result in drastic changes to formats and content for student newspapers.
Maps Student publication
Cartoon Controversy
Gair rhydd, a student paper at Cardiff University, invited controversy when, on February 4, 2006, it reproduced a cartoon, originally printed on Jyllands-Posten, depicting Muhammad. This issue was withdrawn from publication within a day of being released, editors and two other student journalists suspended, and public apology published in the next edition.
In the same month, two editors from Daily Illini , an independent student newspaper from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, were suspended after deciding to publish six of the twelve cartoons.
However, student publications took the lead role in reprinting Muhammad's cartoons, often accompanying them with clear editorials. No fewer than 16 student newspapers and magazines in the United States, and a handful in other countries, contain one or more caricatures.
Student press in Australia
Australian university newspaper newspapers are usually independent of the university administration but are connected with or run by a student representative organization operating on campus. Editors tend to be selected by the student body on separate tickets for other student representatives and paid as honoraria, although some student organizations have been known to hire unselected staff to coordinate newspaper production (eg i> Student View newspaper ).
Controversy surrounding Australian student press
Australian student newspapers have invited controversy since their inception. One of the most famous of these controversies is the publication of an article that allegedly incited readers to shoplifting. The July issue of the magazine was banned by the Office of Film and Classification Literature after a campaign by conservative radio host sermons and other media to have prohibited material. The fourth edition of the July 1995 edition of La Trobe University student magazine Rabelais was later accused of publishing, distributing and depositing inappropriate publications. Objective publications are defined in this case, as one that incites criminal activity. The editors filed an appeal, which led to a protracted four-year court case. The appeal was eventually defeated by a full bench of the Federal Court, which rejected the editor's application to appeal to the High Court of Australia. The allegations were finally dropped in March 1999.
Student pressing in Canada
Many Canadian student newspapers are independent of their universities and student unions. These autonomous papers are funded by the student fees won by referendums, as well as advertisements, and run by their staff, without faculty input.
Around 55 Canadian University newspapers belong to a cooperative and newswire service called the Canadian University Press, which hosts conferences, has correspondents across the country, is run democratically by members' letters, and fostered a sense of brotherhood among Canadian student journalists.
Well-known Canadian student newspapers include:
Di British Columbia:
- The Martlet (Universitas Victoria)
- The Ubyssey (Universitas British Columbia)
- The Peak (Simon Fraser University)
- Omega (Thompson Rivers University)
- Capilano Courier (Universitas Capilano)
Of Alberta:
- Gateway (Universitas Alberta)
In Saskatchewan:
- The Sheaf (University of Saskatchewan)
Of Manitoba:
- Manitoban (Universitas Manitoba)
Of Ontario:
- Siluet (Universitas McMaster) The Cord Weekly (Universitas Wilfrid Laurier)
- Jej (Universitas Waterloo) The Charlatan (Universitas Carleton) The Fulcrum La Rotonde (Universitas Ottawa) The Varsity (Universitas Toronto) The Eyeopener (Ryerson University) Arthur (Universitas Trent) Lembaran (Universitas Western Ontario) Excalibur (Universitas York) Jurnal War (Universitas Queen)
Of Quebec:
- The McGill Daily , Le DÃ © lit , dan McGill Tribune (Universitas McGill)
- Tautan dan The Concordian (Universitas Concordia)
- Kampus (Universitas Bishop)
Di New Brunswick:
- The Brunswickian (Universitas New Brunswick)
Of Nova Scotia:
- The Dalhousie Gazette (Universitas Dalhousie)
- Crit (NSCAD University)
- The Watch (Universitas King's College)
In Newfoundland:
- The Muse (Memorial University)
The oldest student newspapers published in Canada were The Varsity (1880), The Queen's Journal (1873), and The Dalhousie Gazette (1868). The oldest student publication in Canada is The Brunswickan , which was founded in 1867 as a monthly but later switched to a weekly newspaper.
The only newspaper of Canadian students that continues to be printed on a daily schedule is Sheet at the University of Western Ontario.
Student presses in Ireland
Student publications are produced at Irish universities and institutes of technology and also to a lesser extent in the College of Advanced Education. These publications include The College Tribune and The University Observer at University College Dublin, Trinity News and The University Times at Trinity College Dublin, The College View is based in Dublin City University and Sin Newspaper in NUI Galway. Other publications include The Edition (distillation as eDITion), at Dublin Institute of Technology and UCC Express and Motley Magazine at University College Cork.
Each publication reports on the affairs at the host university as well as on local, national and international news about relevance with students and many student journalists have worked in the Irish national media. All student publications in Ireland are funded by or associated with their host university or student union, with the exception of the UCD College College that operates independently. Irish student publications are invited each year to include a national Student Media Award, run by Dublin-based marketing firm Oxygen.ie under various categories.
Student press in Korea
Almost every university in Korea runs student-based press. Although much of this press is funded by schools, the student press has a significant amount of speech among students.
DsVista - Official Publication of Duksung Women's University.
Student press in Philippines
The Editorial College of Guild of the Philippines or (CEGP) is the oldest and widest interollegiate alliance of student publications in Asia-Pacific. Since its establishment, the Guild has remained steadfast in its commitment to uphold the freedom of expression, press freedom and democratic rights of its students. This dedication is what continues to unify and consolidate over 750 CEGP member publications from various national schools or around the world. See also List of student newspapers
Student presses in United Kingdom
Student newspapers in the UK are often granted constitutionally guaranteed constitutional freedoms from universities and student unions to which their students are represented, although the majority are financially dependent on their Student Union. The most successful (in terms of student media awards) include: Orbital Magazines (Royal Holloway, University of London), The Knowledge (University of Plymouth),
In 2003, The National Student , the first independent national student newspaper in the UK was launched. Scotcampus a similar publication based in Scotland was founded in 2001. In 2009, The Student Journals was founded as an independent online magazine for students, but began allowing international authors one year after launching.
Student press in the United States
Case law
Tinker v. Des Moines, Community School District Mandiri
Tinker v. Des Moines regarding a group of students who wanted to wear black armbands to school in 1965 to protest US involvement in Vietnam. After school officials heard about the planned silent protest, they postponed the students involved. Some of the students involved sued and the Supreme Court sided with the students, saying that as long as this speech did not distract them or others from academic work, the real purpose of the school, then the students were free to wear and say they wanted to like in school. This is considered to be a benchmark case in the issues of students' freedom of speech and contains the well-known phrase "students do not give up their constitutional rights at the school building gates."
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier , heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1987 concerned a public school newspaper trying to print two controversial stories about the issue of teenage pregnancy and a divorced family. It is customary for the principal to examine the proposed paper prior to publication. With little time left before the deadline for publication, the principal decides that two stories, even though names have been changed to protect the subject of the story, are not suitable for younger newspaper readers; under the direction of the principal, the paper is printed without offensive stories. The students filed the lawsuit, but the Supreme Court stands by the principal's decision, that, due to time constraints, the only appropriate action is not to print the story. It was decided that the First Amendment rights of the students were not violated. This case is often cited by secondary schools and universities to support previous review habits.
Kincaid v. Gibson
Interaction court decision
Hazelwood and Tinker offers conflicting versions of free student expression. Student-directed publications may indeed be considered open or restricted public forums for student expression, offering students free expression under Hazelwood and Tinker .
Hazelwood , for example, does not say administrators should review or censor their papers before they are published. In fact, journalism education organizations, such as the Journalism Education Association, argue that the previous review has no legitimate educational benefits and only tools that lead to censorship.
Under certain limited circumstances and conditions presented by Hazelwood , school administrators may be allowed to review student publications (mostly high schools).
Until June 2005, Hazelwood standards were not considered applicable to state and university college newspapers, a decision recently confirmed in the 2001 appeals court in Kincaid v. Gibson . However, in June 2005, the 7th Circuit Court of Appeal decided, at Hosty v. Carter , that Hazelwood standards can apply to student publications that are not "designated public forums", "and in February 2006 the Supreme Court refused to hear the students' appeal. Hosty is only valid in the states of Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin.
In response to Kincaid's decision, the California State Legislature passed AB 2581, extending existing state-level legal protection from high school student journalists to college and university students. The bill was signed into law by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and entered into force on 1 January 2007.
Controversies over censorship allegedly led to several student newspapers becoming independent organizations, such as The Exponent from Purdue University in 1969, The Daily Californian from the University of California, Berkeley at 1971, The Orange Orange from Syracuse University in 1971, The Independent Florida Alligator of the University of Florida in 1973, The Cavalier Daily of the University Virginia in 1979, The Paisano from the University of Texas at San Antonio in 1981, and most recently The Mountaineer Jeffersonian from West Virginia University in 2008.
Some states have laws that increase the US Constitution in protecting student expression. For a more detailed review of the press rights of national and state students, see the Student Press Law Centers website here.
John Silber and the university newspaper
University administrations have learned to obtain constitutional protection and effectively reduce critical student newspapers by following the example of former Boston University President John Silber, on the advice of Harvard Law School Professor Alan Dershowitz, eliminating all funds for student newspapers in the 1970s in trying to suppress criticism on campus. Silber's policy goes as far as to prohibit university-funded student organizations from placing advertisements in the student press. With his hands-off policy, Silber was able to eliminate the independence of The Daily News and financially cripple the more radical b.u. exposure . The exposure sued Silber and the university for infringement of their First Amendment rights, but the Massachusetts Commonwealth courts have finally dismissed their case.
Diversity issues in student newspapers
A troubling development in the student newspapers of the United States is the lack of editorial diversity displayed. Studies by the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (JBHE) focusing on African American students have found that at least 2.6% of all student newspaper editors are of African-American origin, with other minorities showing similarities trending. These figures are not much better in schools with creditable journalism schools. In these institutions only 4.4% of editors are of African-American descent. Both percentages are significantly below the percentage of African-American populations in the United States. Such tilted demographics in this publication may produce newspapers that reflect only the views and values ​​of a particular segment of the student population, taking adverse action to any campus community. It is not clear what options exist to improve this situation. JBHE does not recommend any type of affirmative action program for student publications at this time.
Student newspapers in popular culture
- Beverly Hills, 90210 : Andrea Zuckerman (Gabrielle Carteris) is the editor of the school newspaper.
- Argentine TV Series Rebelde Way: Pilar Dunoff (Micaela VÃÆ'¡zquez) writes newspapers anonymously, full of gossip about his classmates.
- TV Series Smallville : Chloe Sullivan (Allison Mack) is the editor of the school newspaper The Torch .
- Israeli TV series Noga Caspi (Ayelet Zurer) is the editor of a school newspaper.
- Beware Gonzo is about the geek in his high school who decides to make his own underground paper.
- Riverdale TV series: Betty Cooper (Lili Reinhart) and Jughead Jones (Cole Sprouse) are editors of the previously inactive newspaper newspaper of Riverdale High, The Blue & Gold .
See also
- Canadian University Press
- Journalism
- The Journalistic Education Association
- List of student newspapers
- List of student publications in Australia
- List of student newspapers in Canada
- List of student newspapers in the United Kingdom
- List of student newspapers in the United States
- National Student Press Week
- Society of Collegiate Journalists
References
External links
- National Scholastic Press Association
- Commission on Legal Dispute Rights Journalistic Education Association
- International Youth Journalism
- Student Press Law Center
- ASNE High School Journalism Initiative
- my.hsj.org ASNE service, the largest scholastic news site
- The Student Reporter
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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