The Independent is an English online newspaper. Founded in 1986 as an independent national morning newspaper published in London, it is controlled by Independent News & Tony O'Reilly. The media from 1997 until it was sold to Russian oligarch Alexander Lebedev in 2010. The last print edition The Independent was published on Saturday March 26, 2016, leaving only its digital edition.
Dubbed Indy , it began as a broad sheet, but was changed to a tabloid (compact) format in 2003. Until September 2011, the newspaper described itself on a banner at the top of every newspaper as "free of party. " political bias, free from the influence of ownership. "This tends to take a pro-market stance on economic issues.
The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 English Press Awards.
By June 2015, he had an average daily circulation of just under 58,000, 85 percent down from the peak of 1990, while the Sunday edition had a circulation of over 97,000.
Video The Independent
Histori
1986 hingga 1990
Launched in 1986, the first edition of The Independent was published on October 7 in a spreadsheet format. It is produced by Publishing Plc newspaper and created by Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. The three partners were former reporters at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper near the end of Lord Hartwell's ownership. Marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing, and Whittam Smith took over the paper.
This paper was made at a time of fundamental change in the issuance of British newspapers. Rupert Murdoch challenged long-accepted print trade union practices and ultimately defeated them in the Wapping dispute. As a result, production costs can be reduced, which is said at the time, creating openings for more competition. As a result of the controversy surrounding Murdoch's move to Wapping, the plant effectively had to function under siege from out-of-print print workers. The Independent drew some staff from two pieces of data Murdoch who had chosen not to move to his new headquarters. Launched with the ad slogan "It Is You?", And challenges both The Guardian to the middle-left reader and The Times as a newspaper The Independent reached a circulation of over 400,000 in 1989.
Competing in a near-death market, The Independent sparked a general refresher of newspaper design and, within a few years, price wars in the market sector. When The Independent launched The Independent on Sunday in 1990, sales were less than anticipated, in part due to the launch of Sunday Correspondent four months earlier. , although this direct rival closed in late November 1990. Some aspects of production were combined with the main paper, although the Sunday paper retained a very different editorial staff.
Since 1990
In the 1990s, The Independent was confronted with price cuts by the Murdoch title, and started an advertising campaign that accused The Times and The Daily Telegraph of the Reflect views of its owners, Rupert Murdoch and Conrad Black. It displays a parody of other paper mastheads with the words 'The Rupert Murdoch' or 'The Conrad Black', with 'The Independent' under the main heading.
Newspaper Publishing has financial problems. A number of other media companies are interested in this paper. Media group Tony O'Reilly and Mirror Group Newspaper (MGN) had bought their respective shares about one-third by mid-1994. In March 1995, Newsprint Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, dividing ownership into O'Reilly's Independent News & Media (43%), MGN (43%), and Prisa (publisher El PaÃÆ's ) (12%).
In April 1996, there was another refinance, and in March 1998, O'Reilly bought 54% of the company's shares for  £ 30 million, and assumed the company's debt. Brendan Hopkins heads Independent News, Andrew Marr is appointed as editor of The Independent, and Rosie Boycott becomes editor of The Independent on Sunday . Marr introduced a dramatic short-lived redesign that won critical support but was a commercial failure, in part as a result of limited promotional budgets. Marr admits the change has been a mistake in his book, My Trade .
The remaining boycott in April 1998 to join the Daily Express , and Marr left in May 1998, then became BBC's political editor. Simon Kelner was appointed editor. At this time, the circulation has fallen below 200,000. Independent News spends a lot of money on improving circulation, and the paper goes through some redesigns. While circulation increased, it did not approach the level it had achieved in 1989, or restored profitability. Job cuts and financial controls reduce journalists' morale and product quality. Ivan Fallon, on board since 1995 and previously a key figure in The Sunday Times, replaces Hopkins as head of Independent News & Media in July 2002. In mid 2004, the newspaper lost  £ 5 million per year. The gradual increase means that in 2006, the circulation was at a nine-year high.
In November 2008, after further staffing, production was transferred to Northcliffe House, at Kensington High Street, the headquarters of Associated Newspapers. Both newspaper editorials, management and commercial operations remain separate, but they share services including security, information technology, switchboard and payroll.
On March 25, 2010, Independent News & amp; The media sold the newspaper to Russian oligarch Alexander Lebedev for a nominal fee of £ 1 and £ 9.25 million over the next 10 months, choosing this option rather than closing The Independent and The Independent on Sunday, which would have cost Ã, Â £ 28m and Ã, £ 40m respectively, due to long-term contracts. In 2009, Lebedev has purchased a controlling stake in the London Evening Standard . Two weeks later, editor Roger Alton resigned.
In July 2011, Johann Hari was excluded from the Orwell Prize he won in 2008 after a claim, later acknowledged by Hari, of plagiarism and inaccuracies. In January 2012, Chris Blackhurst, editor of The Independent, told Leveson that the scandal had "damaged" the reputation of the newspaper. He kept telling the investigation that Day would return as a columnist in "four to five weeks". Days later announced that he would not return to The Independent . Jonathan Foreman compared the The Independent ' reaction to the scandal with the reactions of American newspapers to a similar incident like the Jayson Blair case, which led to the editor's resignation, â €? Deep soul search "and" new standards of appropriateness are applied. "Historian Guy Walters states that Day fabrication has become common knowledge among newspaper staff and that their internal investigation is" face training ". Maps The Independent
Content
Format and design
The Independent began publishing as a broad sheet, in a series of celebrated designs. The final version was designed by Carroll, Dempsey and Thirkell following a commission by Nicholas Garland who, along with Alexander Chancellor, was unhappy with the designs produced by Raymond Hawkey and Michael McGuinness - about looking at the proposed design, the Chancellor said "I think we joined the paper serious ". The first edition was designed and implemented by Michael Crozier, who was Executive Editor, Design and Image, from pre-launch in 1986 to 1994.
Beginning in September 2003, this paper was made in a broad version and a tabloid, with the same content in each. The tabloid edition is called "compact" to distance itself from the more sensational reporting style usually associated with "tabloid" newspapers in the UK. After the launch in the London area and later in Northwest England, smaller formats emerged gradually throughout the UK. Soon after, Rupert Murdoch's Times followed him, introducing his own version of the tabloid. Prior to this change, The Independent had a daily circulation of 217,500, the lowest of any major UK national daily, an increase of 15% as of March 2004 (to 250,000). Throughout much of 2006, the circulation was stagnant at a quarter of a million. On May 14, 2004, The Independent produced its last business day sheets, having stopped producing Saturday editions in January. The Independent on Sunday published its last broadhand sheet on October 9, 2005, and has since followed a compact design.
On 12 April 2005, The Independent redesigned its layout into a more European style, similar to the French Libà © ration . The redesign is done by design studio based in Barcelona. The second part of the working day is included in the main paper, the two-page feature article becomes common in the headlines section, and there are revisions on the front and back cover. The new second part, "Extra", was introduced on April 25, 2006. This is similar to The Guardian ' s "G2" and The Times < span> ' s "Times2", contains features, reportage and games, including sudoku. In June 2007, The Independent on Sunday consolidated its content into a news section that includes sports and business, and life and culture-focused magazines. On September 23, 2008, the main newspapers became colorful, and "Extras" were replaced with an "Independent Life Supplement" that focused on different themes every day.
Three weeks after the acquisition of papers by Alexander Lebedev and Evgeny Lebedev in 2010, the paper was relaunched with another redesign on April 20th. This new format features a smaller headline and a new recall "Viewspaper" section, which contains commentary articles and paper features. From October 26, 2010, the same day as his sister's paper, i , was launched, The Independent printed on a piece of paper that was slightly thicker than before and no longer colorful throughout , with lots of photos and images (though nothing is used in ads) that are printed only black and white. On October 11, 2011, The Independent launched another new look, featuring a red mastman, sans-serif. In November 2013, all newspapers were overhauled again, including new custom fonts and vertical mastheads in black.
Home page
After switching to the 2003 format, The Independent became famous for its unorthodox and campaigning front pages, which often depended on images, graphics or lists rather than headlines and written news content. For example, after the Kashmir earthquake in 2005, he used his front page to encourage his readers to donate to his appeal, and after the publication of the Hutton Report into the death of British government scientist David Kelly, the front page merely carries the word "Whitewash?". In 2003, the newspaper editor, Simon Kelner, was named "Editor of the Year" at the What the Papers Say award, partly in recognition, according to the jury, the "often-catching and imaginative front" of design page. "However, in 2008, when he resigned as editor, he stated that it is possible to" exaggerate the formula "and that the front page style of the paper may require" reinvention ".
Under editor-in-chief Chris Blackhurst, the front page of the campaign poster-style is reduced again to support more conventional news.
Section
Weekday, Saturday and Sunday editions of The Independent all include supplements and a pull-out division:
Online presence
On January 23, 2008, The Independent launched its online edition, www.independent.co.uk. The relaunched site introduces a new look, better access to blog services, priority on image and video content, and additional areas of the site including art, architecture, fashion, gadgets and health. This paper launches podcast programs like "The Independent Music Radio Show", "The Independent Travel Guides", "The Independent Sailing Podcasts", and "The Independent Video Travel Guides". Since 2009, the website has posted a short video news bulletin provided by Al Jazeera English news channel.
In 2014, The Independent launched the sister website, i100 , a shareable journalism website "in common with Reddit and Upworthy.
Political view
When the paper was founded in 1986, the founders intend to establish their politics to reflect the center of the UK political spectrum and think that it will attract readers primarily from The Times and The Daily Telegraph. It has been seen as leaning to the left, making it more of a contender for The Guardian , although both also feature conservative columnists. The Independent tends to take a liberal, classic pro-market stance on economic issues. In an editorial on January 27, 2013, the Independent on Sunday referred to himself as "the liberally proud newspaper".
The paper takes on a strong editorial position against the 2003 Iraqi Invasion, the Iraq War, and the foreign and US foreign policy aspects associated with the War on Terrorism after the September 11 attacks . It has been a strong supporter of electoral reform. The paper also takes a strong position on environmental issues, campaigns against the introduction of ID cards, and campaigns against mass immigration restrictions to Britain. In 1997, The Independent on Sunday launched a campaign to decriminalize marijuana. Ten years later, he reversed himself, claiming that the hemp of "skunk" strains "smoked by the majority of young English people" in 2007 had become "25 times stronger than the resins sold a decade ago". In addition, The Independent has highlighted what it called "war crimes" committed by pro-government forces in Sudan's Darfur region.
Initially, he avoided the royal tale, Whittam Smith later said that he thought the British press was "too infatuated" with the Royal Family and that newspapers could "manage without" the story of the monarchy.
In 2007, Alan Rusbridger, editor of The Guardian, said of The Independent: "Emphasis on views, not news, means that reporting is rather thin, and the loss of impact on the front page the more you do that ". In a speech on June 12, 2007, British Prime Minister Tony Blair called the Independent View a "viewspaper", saying it "began as an antidote to the idea of ​​journalism as a non-news view.That is why it is called Independent. which is seen as not just a newspaper ". The Independent criticized Blair's comments the following day but later changed the format to include a "Viewspaper" insert in a regular newspaper center, designed to display most of the opinion and art review columns.
A leader published on the day of the 2008 London Mayor's election compares the candidate and said that, if the newspaper has a vote, it will vote first for Green Party candidate Sian Berry noting the similarities between his priorities and those of The Independent. , and secondly, with a rather heavy heart, for petahana, Ken Livingstone.
The Ipsos MORI poll estimates that in the 2010 election, 44% of regular readers voted Liberal Democrats, 32% voted for Labor, and 14% voted Conservatives, compared with 23%, 29%, and 36%, respectively, of the overall voters. On the eve of the 2010 elections, The Independent supported the Liberal Democratic Party, arguing that "they are long-lasting and convincing champions of civil liberties, sound economics, international cooperation on major global challenges and, of course , fundamental electoral reform These are all principles long held by this newspaper.That is why we think there is a strong case for progressive-minded voters to lend their support to the Liberal Democrats wherever there is a clear chance for it party to win ". However, the weekend before the 2015 general election saw The Independent on Sunday claiming that they would not advise their readers how to vote in 2015. The editorial section claims that "this does not mean that we have no bloodshed. value-free newsletters We are always committed to social justice, "but the paper acknowledges that readers should" decide for themselves whether you agree with us or not. " Instead of supporting a particular party, the paper urges all its readers to vote as a "shared citizenship responsibility". On May 4, 2015, the working day version of The Independent said that the continuation of the Conservative-Liberal Democratic coalition after the elections would be a positive outcome.
Personnel
Editor
There are also various guest editors over the years, such as Elton John on December 1, 2010, Anita Roddick of Body Shop on June 19, 2003 and U2's Bono in 2006.
Author and columnist
Especially at The Independent :
Terutama The Independent on Sunday :
Fotografer
- Timotius Allen
Longford Prize
The Independent sponsors the Longford Prize, in memory of Lord Longford.
Related publications
Stand alone on Sunday
The Independent on Sunday is your Sunday newspaper The Independent . Nothing else in 2016, the last edition published on March 20; daily paper stops print publication six days later.
The i
In October 2010, i , a compact sister newspaper, was launched. The i is a separate newspaper but uses some of the same material. It was later sold to the regional newspaper Johnston Press, becoming the publisher's flagship national newspaper. The online presence of i ', i100 , restyled as indy100 and maintained by Independent News & amp; Media.
Independent (RED)
The Independent supports U2's flagship Red Bono Product brand by creating The (RED) Independent , an occasional edition that gives half of the day's proceeds to charity. The first edition was in May 2006. Edited by Bono, he got high sales.
The September 2006 edition of The (RED) Independent , designed by fashion designer Giorgio Armani, drew a controversy because of his cover cover, showing Kate Moss's model on the blackface for an article on AIDS in Africa.
Awards and nominations
The Independent was awarded the "National Newspaper of the Year" for 2003 and Independent on Sunday was awarded the "Front Page of the Year" for 2014, "This is news, ", printed on October 5, 2014.
Independent journalists have won numerous English Press Awards, including:
- "Financial & Business Journalists of the Year": Michael Harrison, 2000; Hamish McRae, 2005; Stephen Foley, 2008
- "Cartoonist of the Year": Dave Brown, 2012
- "Columnist of the Year": Robert Chalmers ( Independent on Sunday ), 2004; Mark Steel, 2014
- "Foreign Reporter of the Year": Patrick Cockburn, 2014
- "Interviewer of the Year": Mathew Norman, 2007; Deborah Ross, 2011
- "Political Journalist of the Year": Francis Elliott ( Independent on Sunday ), 2005
- "Specialist Journalist of the Year": Michael McCarthy, 2000; Jeremy Laurance, 2011
- "Sports Journalist of the Year": James Lawton, 2010
- "Young Journalists of the Year": Johann Hari, 2002; Ed Caesar, 2006
In January 2013, The Independent was nominated for the Responsible Media Award of the Year at the British Muslim Awards.
Owner
- Sultan Muhammad Abuljadayel (30%) He works for the National Commercial Bank, controlled by the Saudi Arabian government.
- Alexander Lebedev
- Evgeny Lebedev
See also
- Independent Foreign Fiction Prizes
- The incident of Brett Straub
References
External links
- Official website ( Mobile )
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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