Corrugated fiberboard is a material consisting of corrugated corrugated sheets and one or two flat wooden planks. These are made on "flute lamination machines" or "corrugators" and are used in the manufacture of shipping containers and corrugated boxes.
Corrugated boards and linerboard boards are both made of kraft containerboard, the cardboard material is usually more than 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) thick. The corrugated fiberboard is sometimes called a cardboard, though the cardboard may be a heavy paper-pulp board.
Video Corrugated fiberboard
Histori
Corrugated (also called pleated) paper was patented in England in 1856, and was used as a liner for high caps, but the corrugated boxboard was not patented and was used as shipping material until 20 December 1871. The patent was issued to Albert Jones of New York City for corrugated board single-face (single-face). Jones uses corrugated boards to wrap bottles and chimney glass lanterns. The first machine to produce large corrugated boards was built in 1874 by G. Smyth, and in the same year Oliver Long improved Jones's design by creating corrugated boards with liner sheets on both sides, thus creating corrugated boards as they come to be known in modern times.
Scottish-born Robert Gair invented a pre-cut cardboard box in 1890 - large pieces produced in large quantities folded into boxes. Gair's invention was generated from an accident. He was a printer maker and a Brooklyn paper bag during the 1870s. When he was printing a seed bag, the metal ruler used to fold the bag moved in position and cut it. Gair discovers that by cutting and folding in one operation, he can make a carton box that has been made. Applying this idea to corrugated boards is a direct development when material becomes available early in the 20th century.
Corrugated boxes were first used for the packaging of glass and pottery containers. In the mid-1950s, the case allowed fruit and produce delivered from agriculture to retailers without bruising, increasing returns to producers and opening up export markets.
Maps Corrugated fiberboard
Properties
Some properties and characteristics can be measured for corrugated boards. Some of them include:
- Test pat tip
- Strength explodes
- Test a crush on
- Bending resistance
- Impact resistance
- Bearing, shock absorption
- Tear resistance
- Grammage (mass per unit area) for composite components and boards
The corrugated fiberboard is anisotropic; many of which are very purposeful. For example, edge crush, bending stiffness, tensile, and surface characteristics vary, depending on the orientation of the flute and the direction of the machine from manufacture.
Manufacturing
The corrugated boards are manufactured on high precision machine lines called corrugators, typically running about 500 feet per minute (150 m/min) or more. These machines, from time to time, have become very complex with the aim of avoiding some common problems in corrugated board production, such as warp and washboarding.
The main raw material in corrugating is paper, different grades for each layer that make up the corrugated box. Due to supply chain and scale considerations, the paper is produced in a separate plant called a paper mill. Most of the wavy plants store paper roll inventory.
In classical corrugator, paper is softened with high pressure steam. Once the board is formed, it is dried in so-called dry-end. Here the newly formed corrugated boards are heated from beneath by hot plates. At the top, various pressures are applied by the load system on the belt.
The corrugated medium is often 0.026 pounds per square foot (0.13 kg/m 2 ) base weight in the US; in the UK, fluting paper 90 grams per square meter (0.018 lb/sqÃ, ft) is common. On a single-facer, it is heated, moistened, and shaped into a fluted pattern on the rotating wheel. It is coupled to a flat linerboard with starch-based adhesive to form a single board. In a double-backer, a second flat liner board is attached to the other side of the fluted medium to form a single wall corrugated board. Linerboards are test liners (kraft paper) or kraft paper (from various levels). Liner can be whitened white, dappled white, colored, or precast.
Common flute sizes are "A", "B", "C", "E" and "F" or microflute. The appointment of the letter relates to the order that the flute was created, not the relative size. The size of the flute refers to the number of flutes per linear foot, although the actual flute dimensions for different corrugator manufacturers may be slightly different. Measuring the number of flutes per linear foot is a more reliable method for identifying flute sizes rather than measuring board thickness, which may vary due to manufacturing conditions. The most common flute size in the corrugated box is the "C" flute.
Flute US Standard Wave
The corrugated fiberboard can be determined by the construction (single face, singlewall, doublewall, etc.), flute size, burst strength, edge crush strength, flat crush, component base weight (pounds per thousand square feet, grams per square meter, etc.) , surface treatment and coating, etc. TAPPI and ASTM test methods for this standard.
The selection of corrugated medium, flute size, adhesive incorporation, and linerbo board can be varied to create corrugated boards with special properties to suit a variety of potential uses. Double and triple-wall double boards are also manufactured for high buildup strength and puncture resistance.
Most corrugators are two knife corrugators, meaning that they can produce two different length sheets side-by-side. This leads to an optimization problem, known as a stock-cutting problem.
The box creation process
Design box
Packaging designers design corrugated boxes to meet the specific needs of shipped products, environmental hazards of shipment, (shocks, vibrations, compression, humidity, etc.), and the needs of retailers and consumers.
The most common box style is Regular Slotted Container (RSC). All flaps have the same length from score to edge. Usually, large flaps that meet longer in the middle and minor flap are not.
The manufacturer's connections are most often combined with adhesives but may also be embedded or stitched. The box is sent flat (torn down) to the package maker who prepares the box, fills it out, and closes it for delivery. Closing of the box may be with tape, adhesive, staples, strapping, etc.
Box size can be measured for internal dimensions (for the appropriate product) or external (for machine handling or palletizing). Boxes are usually specified and ordered by internal dimensions.
Box Maker Certificate
The seal is printed on the outer surface, usually the bottom of the box, which includes some information about how strong the box is. This is also known as Box Certificate or Box Certificate. A certificate is not required, but if used that implies compliance with the rules relating to the certificate. Important information includes: 1) Bursting Test or Edge Crush Test; 2) Size Limits (maximum outer dimensions of the finished box when the length, width and depth of the box are added together); 3) Borders of Gross Weight.
Manufactures
Boxes can be formed at the same plant as the corrugator. Such plants are known as "integrated plants". Part of the assessment and deduction occurs in-line on the corrugator. Alternatively, corrugated board sheets may be sent to different manufacturing facilities for box fabrication; this is sometimes called a "sheet of plants".
The corrugated board is crimped or scored to produce a controlled board indentation. Most often, the slot is cut to provide a cover on the box. Scoring and slotting can also be done with die-cutting.
Single-face lamination
The limitation of common corrugated materials is the difficulty in applying good graphic prints for informative and marketing purposes. The reason for this stems from the fact that the previously made corrugated sheets are relatively thick and springy, compared to thin and non-pumpable solid fiber properties such as cardboard. Because of these corrugated characteristics, it has been primarily printed using the flexographic process, which is naturally abrasive application with loose registration properties.
A more recent popular development in use is a hybrid product featuring bumpy structural benefits combined with a high graphic lithography print previously restricted to carton folding cartons. This application, commonly referred to as 'Single-Face Laminate', begins its process as a traditional fluted medium fitted with single-face liners, but instead of a second long-fiber liner, pre-printed paperboard sheets such as SBS (solid sulfate solid) laminated to the outside. This sheet can then be converted by the same process used for other wavy manufacture into the desired shape.
Special equipment is required for SFL material construction, so users can expect to pay a premium for this product. However, these costs are often offset by savings through separate cardboard sleeves and the labor required to assemble a finished package.
Recycle
Long wavy containers are an excellent source of fiber for recycling. They can be compressed and tied for cost-effective transportation. The released box is inserted into a hydropulper, which is a large vat of warm water to be cleaned and processed. Porridge slurry is then used to make paper and new fiber products.
Mill and corrugator scrap, or damaged, are the cleanest source for recycling. The high level of post-consumer recycling reflects the efficiency of the recycling plant to clean and process incoming materials. Some technologies are available to sort, filter, filter, and chemically treat recycled paper.
Many foreign materials are ready to be removed. Yarn, binder, etc. Issued from hydropulper by "ragger". Metal straps and staples can be filtered or removed by magnets. The pressure sensitive bands supported by the film remain intact: the PSA adhesive and backing are both released together.
Materials that are more difficult to remove include wax coatings on corrugated boxes and "adhesives", soft rubber particles that can clog paper makers and contaminate recycled paper. Adhesives can be derived from bookkeeping, hot melt adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives from paper labels, laminated adhesives of reinforced adhesive tapes, etc.
Corrugated fiberboard shredders are now available that convert post-consumer wavefronts into packing/bearing materials using special demolition processes.
ASTM Standard
- Standard Practice D1974 for Closure, Sealing and Reinforcing Fiberboard Box
- D4727 Standard Specifications for Corrugated and Solid Sheet Sheets (Class Containers) and Pieces Shape
- D5118 Standard Practices for Fiberboard Box Fiberboard Fabrication
- D5168 Standard Practices for Fabrication and Closing Fiberglass Corrugated Fiberglass Triple-Wall Containers
- D5639 Standard Practices for Corrugated Fiberboard Material Selection and Box Construction Based on Performance Requirements
- The D6804 Standard Handbook for Handwashing Designs in Corrugated Box
and others.
See also
- The box
- Compression test box
- Cardboard box
- Composition board
- Plastic undulating
- Foam (foam board)
- Bulk box
- Cartes
- Recycle paper
- Packaging and labeling
- Paste the board
- Poster Board
- Test pat tip
References
Further reading
- Fiber Box Handbook , Fiber Box Association
- Koning, J., Corrugated Junction: Reference Guide for Corrugated Industry , TAPPI Press, 1995, ISBNÃ, 0-89852-299-4
- The European Corrugated Board Industry
- Good Manufacture Wide and Solid Wrapping Packaging This GMP standard enables packaging for the food industry made to the highest standards of consumer safety. All details on the European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturer (FEFCO) website
- Brody, A. L., and Marsh, K, S., Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology , John Wiley & amp; Sons, 1997, ISBNÃ, 0-471-06397-5
- Soroka, W, Packaging Technology Basics IoPP, 2002, ISBNÃ, 1-930268-25-4
- "Guide to Packaging for Small Parcel Shipping", 2005, IoPP
- Asian Corrugated Carton Association
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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