Ratko Mladi? (Cyrillic Serbian: ????? ?????? , pronounced Video Ratko Mladi?
Early life and military career
Young? lahir di Bo? inns? and Kalinovik, Herzegovina, fell on March 12, 1943.
Her father Ne? A (1909-1945) was a member of the Yugoslav Partisans. His mother, Stana (nÃÆ' Â © e Lalovi ?; 1919-2003), raised three children; daughter of Milica (born 1940), son of Ratko and Milivoje (1944-2001), himself after the death of her husband in 1945 during World War II. Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time were part of the Independent State of Croatia, a fascist country led by Croatia's Usta? E between 1941 and 1945, made after Nazi Germany and the Italian Fascist attacked and partitioned the Yugoslav Kingdom in 1941. Mladi? Ne'a's father was killed in action (on Mladi's third birthday?) While leading a Partisan attack on the village of origin of the Usta leader? e Ante Paveli? in 1945.
After finishing elementary school, Mladi? working in Sarajevo as a white man for "Tito Company". He entered the Military Industrial School in Zemun in 1961. He then proceeded to the Military Academy of KOV and the Officers Academy thereafter. After graduating on 27 September 1965, Mladi? started his career in the Yugoslav People's Army. That same year, he joined the Yugoslav Communist League, remained a member until the party was destroyed in 1990.
Mladi? started his first post as an officer in Skopje on 4 November 1965, where he was the youngest commander and soldier in his unit. Beginning with the rank of second lieutenant in April 1968, he proved himself to be a capable officer, first leading a platoon (May 1970), then battalion (November 27, 1974), and then brigade. In September 1976, Mladi? began his higher military education at "Komandno-? tabne akademije" in Belgrade, ending in the first place with a score of 9.57 (out of 10).
On December 25, 1980, Mladi? became a Lieutenant Colonel. Then, on August 18, 1986, he became a colonel, who was based at the end. He completed an additional year of military education in September 1986. On January 31, 1989, he was promoted to the head of the Third Military District Department of Education Skopje. On January 14, 1991, he was promoted again, became Deputy Commander in Pri? Tina.
Maps Ratko Mladi?
Role in the Yugoslav war
In June 1991, Mladi? was promoted to Deputy Commander of the Priestina Corps in the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo at a time of heightened tension between Kosovar Serbs and the predominantly Kosovo Albanian population. That year, Mladi? given the command of the 9th Corps, and led this formation against Croatian troops in Knin, the declared capital of the self-declared Krajina Republic.
On October 4, 1991, he was promoted to Major General. The JNA troops under his command participated in the Croatian War, especially during Operation Coast-91 in an attempt to cut Dalmatia from all over Croatia, resulting in a deadlock (Croatia holding all the coastlines near Zadar and Ibenik, while Serbian Krajina expanded its territory in the interior). Among other early operations, Mladi? assisted by militia Milan Marti? in the 1991 siege of Kijevo.
On April 24, 1992, Mladi? promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel general. On May 2, 1992, one month after the declaration of independence of Bosnia and Hercegovina, Mladi? and his generals blocked the city of Sarajevo, shutting down all incoming and outgoing traffic, and water and electricity. It started the four-year siege of Sarajevo, the longest siege in the history of modern warfare. The city was bombarded with bullet fire and snipers. On May 9, 1992, he assumed the position of Chief of Staff/Deputy Commander of JNA Second Military District Headquarters in Sarajevo. The next day, Mladi? took over the command of JNA Second Military District Headquarters. On 12 May 1992, in response to Bosnia's secession from Yugoslavia, the Bosnian Serbian parliament voted to create the Republika Srpska Army (VRS, in short). At the same time, Mladi? was appointed Commander of the Main Staff of the VRS, a position he held until December 1996. In May 1992, following the withdrawal of JNA troops from Bosnia, the JNA Second Military District became the core of the VRS Main Staff. On June 24, 1994, he was promoted to the rank of colonel general of about 80,000 troops stationed in the area.
In July 1995, troops commanded by Mladi ?, were haunted by NATO airstrikes intended to force the fulfillment of the UN ultimatum to remove heavy weapons from the Sarajevo region, invaded and occupied the UN "safe area" in Srebrenica and "epa." In Srebrenica, more than 40,000 Bosnians seeking safety there were expelled. An estimated 8,300 were killed, allegedly on Mladi's orders. On August 4, 1995, with a large Croatian military force ready to attack Serb-controlled territory in central Croatia, Radovan Karad? announce he deleted Mladi? from his position and take over the personal command of VRS himself. Karad? I? blame Mladi? due to the disappearance of two key Serbian towns in western Bosnia that had just fallen into the hands of the Croatian army, and he used the disappearance of the cities as an excuse to announce his shocking change in command structure. Mladi? downgraded to "adviser". He refused to go quietly, claiming the support of both Bosnian Serb military and the people. Karad? I? reply by denouncing Mladi? as a "madman" and trying to remove his political rank, but Mladi's popular support clearly forces Karad? to cancel its order on August 11th.
On November 8, 1996, President of the Serbian Serbian Republic, Biljana Plav? I?, Dismiss Mladi? from his position. He continued to receive pensions until November 2005.
Indictment by ICTY
On July 24, 1995, Mladi? charged by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for genocide, crimes against humanity, and a number of war crimes (including crimes related to alleged shooting campaigns against civilians in Sarajevo). On November 16, 1995, the allegations were extended to include allegations of war crimes for attacks on the UN-declared safe area in Srebrenica in July 1995.
A fugitive from the ICTY, he is allegedly hiding in Serbia or in Republika Srpska. Mladi? was reportedly seen attending a football match between China and Yugoslavia in Belgrade in March 2000. He entered through the VIP entrance and sat in a private box surrounded by eight armed guards. There are claims that he has been seen in the Moscow suburbs, and that he "regularly" visits Thessaloniki and Athens, which raises suspicions that many false reports were sent to cover his tracks. Some reports say that he took refuge in his wartime bunker at Han Pijesak, not far from Sarajevo, or in Montenegro.
In early February 2006, some Serbian military intelligence reports were leaked to Serbian Serbian newspaper Politika which stated that Mladi? had been hidden in the Republika Srpska Army and the Yugoslav People's Army facility until June 1, 2002, when the National Assembly of Serbia passed a law requiring cooperation with ICTY in The Hague. At that time the Chief General of the Yugoslav Army, Neboj, a Pavkovi? ask Mladi? emptied the facility where he was staying at Mount Povlen, near Valjevo, after which Serbian military agents claimed to have lost all his tracks.
Initially, Mladi? live freely in Belgrade After the capture of Slobodan Milo? evi? in 2001, Mladi? hiding, but he is still protected by Serbian security services and soldiers. Serbia's failure to bring Mladic to court seriously damages its relationship with the European Union.
In 2004, Paddy Ashdown, UN High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, removed 58 officials from their posts due to suspicions that they helped war criminals suspects including Mladi? and Karad? I? to avoid arrest. Officials were subjected to travel restrictions and their bank accounts frozen. The ban was later revoked after Mladi's arrest?
In November 2004, British defense officials acknowledged that military action was unlikely to bring Mladi? and other suspects to court. On a cold winter day, the British UN troops carrying cross-arms were confronted by public skiers under the runway at the former Olympic ski resort in Sarajevo but did not move because of their weapons; to ski behind Mladi? four bodyguards. Despite the Hague's warrant, the British army decided to ski. NATO then sent a command to arrest the various war criminals, but Mladi? just go underground. No amount of NATO action or UN demands, or even a $ 5 million prize announced by Washington, can bring it in.
It was revealed in December 2004 that the Republika Srpska Army had kept and protected Mladi? until the summer of 2004, despite repeated and public pleas to collaborate with the ICTY and capture war criminals. On December 6, NATO said that Mladi? visited his wartime bunker during the summer to celebrate Republika Srpska-day Army.
In June 2005 The Times said that Mladi? has appealed for $ 5 million ("£ 2.75 million") compensation to be given to his family and bodyguard if he surrenders himself to ICTY in The Hague. In January 2006, the Belgrade court charged 10 people for helping Mladi? hiding from 2002 to January 2006. The investigation showed Mladi? spending time in New Belgrade, a suburb of the capital.
It was reported incorrectly on February 21, 2006 that Mladi? has been arrested in Belgrade and transferred via Tuzla to an ICTY tribunal. The arrest was rejected by the Serbian government. The government did not deny rumors about the negotiation plan between Mladi? and Serbian Special Forces. The Romanian government and Serbian sources claimed on February 22, 2006 that Mladi? were arrested in Romania, near Drobeta-Turnu Severin, near the Serbian border with a special Romanian-English joint operation conducted by troops from these countries. However, ICTY Prosecutor Carla Del Ponte denied the rumor that Mladi? have been arrested, saying that they "have absolutely no basis whatsoever". Del Ponte urged the Serbian government to seek him without further delay, says Mladi? is within the reach of the Serbian authorities and has been in Serbia since 1998. He said the failure to arrest him would harm Serbian efforts to join the European Union (EU). May 1, 2006 Deadline set by Del Ponte for Serbia to hand over Mladi? endorsed, resulting in talks between Serbia and the EU suspended. The EU considers Mladi's arrest, along with full cooperation with ICTY, a prerequisite that must be met before Serbia can join the organization.
In July 2008, Serbian officials voiced concern that Mladi? will order or order his bodyguard to kill him so he is not arrested for trial.
On June 16, 2010, Mladi's family filed a request to declare her death, claiming she has been in poor health and sidelined for seven years. If the declaration has been approved, Mladi's wife will be able to collect the state pension and sell her property. At the moment, Mladi? hiding in a house owned by his family.
Based on a March 2009 poll of NGO Strategic Marketing for B92 television, involving 1050 respondents, 14% of Serbs would disclose information that would lead to his capture in exchange for EUR1 million, 21% had no prescribed attitude. , and 65% will not divulge information for EUR1 million (poll conducted when the US embassy issued a prize of EUR1.3 million for information about Mladi?). However, it was noted that the question formulation might be a problem, since poll samples who voted for "No" included those who would report Mladi soon? without payment, believes that payment in this case is immoral. Although previous reports indicate that 47% support extradition, it is clear that the majority of the population is against it. According to a poll conducted by the National Committee for Cooperation with ICTY, 78% of those surveyed will not report Mladi? to the authorities, 34% said they would approve Mladi's arrest, while 40% believed he was a hero.
On June 11, 2009, the Bosnian television station broadcast Mladi's video, filmed over the previous decade. The last video featured in the event 60 Minutes shows Mladi? with two women, allegedly filmed in the winter of 2008. However, there is no evidence for this given by television presenter. Serbia declared that it was "impossible" for a video that had been filmed in 2008. Rasim Ljaji, the Serbian Minister in charge of cooperation with the UN tribunal, confirmed that the tape was old and already submitted to the ICTY in March 2009. Ljaji? claimed that "the last known recording was taken eight years ago, the last time Mladi was in a military building in a Kremmari army barracks near [the western city of Serbia, Valjevo] on June 1, 2002." Previously invisible images show Mladi? in restaurants and apartments and in what appears to be military barracks in Serbia, is almost always accompanied by his wife Bosa and Darko's son.
Capture, trial and confidence
Ratko Mladi? was arrested on May 26, 2011 in Lazarevo, northern Serbia. His arrest was made by two dozen Serbian police officers dressed in uniforms and black masks, and not wearing any badges. The police are accompanied by the Security Information Agency and the agent of the Office of the Prosecution of War Crimes. The officers entered the village with four SUVs in the early hours of the morning, while most of the population was still asleep. They attract up to four houses simultaneously, each owned by Mladi's relatives. Mladi? going to the yard for a walk after being awakened by pain, when four officers jumped over the fence and had entered the house as she moved toward the door, grabbed Mladi, forced her to the floor, and demanded her own identification. Mladi? identifying himself correctly, and handing him two pistols he carried. He was then taken to Belgrade. Mladi? was arrested at his cousin Branislav Mladi ?, in Ul. Vuka Karad? I? A 2.
Branislav had been identified as a suspect at least two months earlier, and had been supervised until his arrest. After some initial doubts about the identity of the detainee, President of Serbia Boris Tadi? confirmed it is Mladi? at a press conference and announced that her extradition process to the ICTY was under way. Mladi? have used the pseudonym "Milorad Komadi?" while hiding. Mladi? not wearing a beard or disguise. His appearance was reportedly showing him "very old", and one of his arms was paralyzed due to a series of strokes.
After his arrest, Mladi? appeared before the Belgrade High Court for an examination of whether he deserved to be extradited to The Hague. Judge Milan Dilpari? interrogation suspended due to poor health. Lawyer Mladi? Milo? ? alji? said that her poor health prevented her from communicating properly. He was allegedly unable to confirm his personal data, but sought to speak with prosecutors on several occasions, notably to the Deputy Prosecutor for the War Crimes of Bruno Vekari.
However, the court ruled that he deserved to be extradited on 27 May. According to the Serbian Ministry of Health, the prison doctor's team described his health as the following stable check. Mladi? also visited in prison by Health Minister Zoran Stankovi?, a former friend. Mladi? was extradited to The Hague on 31 May 2011, and his trial was officially opened in The Hague on May 16, 2012.
Mladi? was arrested on the same day as EU representative Catherine Ashton visited Belgrade. His arrest improves relations with the EU, who are worried that Serbia is protecting Mladi? In July 2015, the media said that he "sought a Norwegian official to bring him to The Hague to witness" in court.
In 2017, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) sentenced Mladi? about 10 charges: one genocide, five crimes against humanity and four law violations or customs of war. He was cleared of one count of genocide. As a top military officer with command responsibility, Mladi? considered by the ICTY responsible for the Siege of Sarajevo and the Srebrenica massacre. ICTY punish Mladi? life imprisonment.
Family
Mladi? married Bosiljka "Bosa" and they had two children; son of Darko and his daughter Ana. Ana died on March 24, 1994, aged 23 years, in a suicide case. She is not married and has no children. There have been conflicting reports in various Serbian publications on Ana's death and the discovery of his body. Some media say that her body was found in her bloody bedroom, while others claim it was found in a nearby park or in a forest near the tomb of Top ider. However, it was concluded that he had used his father's gun, which had been given to him in military school in his youth. There are also conflicting opinions about the reasons for suicide.
References
External links
- Mladi? (IT-09-92) on icty.org
- Madness of General Mladic
- Works by or about Ratko Mladi? in the library (WorldCat catalog)
- Ratko Mladi? gather news and comments on Al Jazeera English
- "Ratko Mladi? collect news and comments". The Guardian .
- Ratko Mladi? news and comments collected in Balkan Insight
- "Ratko Mladi? collect news and comments". The New York Times . "Ratko Mladi?". JURIST .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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