Sandpaper and glasspaper is the name used for layered abrasive types consisting of sheets of paper or cloth with abrasive material that is bonded to one face. Although the use of both sand and glass names is now used in the manufacture of these products because they have been replaced by other abrasive materials such as aluminum oxide or silicon carbide. Sandpaper is produced in various sizes of sand and is used to remove materials from surfaces, either to make it smoother (for example, in painting and wood finishing), to remove layers of material (such as old paints), or sometimes to make rougher surfaces (eg , as preparation for gluing). It is common to use an abrasive name when describing paper, e.g. "aluminum oxide paper", or "silicon carbide paper".
Sandpaper sand sizes are usually expressed as inverse numbers with particle size. Small numbers like 20 or 40 show rough grits, while large numbers like 1500 show good grits.
Video Sandpaper
Histori
The first recorded sandpaper samples were in the Chinese 1st century when the shell, seeds, and crushed sand were tied to parchment using natural gum. Shark skin (plasoid scale) has also been used as a rough and coarse scale of living fossils, Coelacanth is used for the same purpose by the natives of Comoros. Boiled and dried, rough ponytail plants are used in Japan as a traditional polishing material, finer than sandpaper. Glass paper was produced in London in 1833 by John Oakey, whose company has developed a new adhesive technique and process, which enables mass production. Frit glass has sharp-eyed particles and cuts well while sand grains are smoothed and do not work well as abrasive materials. Cheap sandpaper is often passed as a glass paper; Stalker and Parker warned him in the Treatise of Japaning and Varnishing published in 1688. In 1921, 3M created sandpaper with silicon carbide grit and waterproof adhesive and backing, known as Wet and Dry. This allows use with water, which will serve as a lubricant to carry particles that otherwise would clog sand. His first application was to repair automotive paint.
Maps Sandpaper
Type
There are many types of sandpaper, with variations of paper or backing, materials used for grit, sand size, and bonding.
Support
In addition to paper, backing for sandpaper includes fabrics (cotton, polyester, rayon), PET film, and "fiber", or rubber. Backing fabrics are used for sandpaper discs and belts, while mylar is used as backing for very fine smooth pulp. Fiber or vulcanized fiber is a strong support material consisting of many layers of impregnated polymer paper. The weight of the backing is usually determined by a letter. For paper backing, weight ratings range from "A" to "F", with A pointing the lightest and the heaviest F. The letter nomenclature follows a different system for fabric backing, with the weight of backing rated J, X, Y, T, and M, from the lightest to the heaviest. Flexible support allows the sandpaper to follow the irregular contours of the workpiece; relatively inflexible support optimal for regular round or flat surfaces. Backback sandpaper can be attached to paper or form a separate supporting structure to move the sandpaper, as used in sanding belt and disc. Stronger paper or base enhances the ease of wood sanding. The harder the support material, the faster the sanding, the faster the paper wear and the roughened the sanded surface.
Type of abrasive
Types of abrasive materials include:
- glass: no longer used
- flint: no longer used
- garnet: commonly used in woodworking
- emery: usually used to scrape or polish metal
- aluminum oxide: The most common in modern use, with various grits, the lowest unit cost; can be used on metal (ie body shop) or wood
- silicon carbide: available in very coarse grit up to microgrits, common in wet applications
- alumina-zirconia: (aluminum oxide-zirconium oxide alloy), used for milling machine applications
- chromium (III) oxide: used in very fine micron paper (micrometre level)
- diamond: used for the finishing and polishing of hard metals, ceramics and glass
- aluminum oxide ceramics: used in high-pressure applications, used both in coated abrasives, and in bonded abrasives.
The sandpaper can be "dried" where the dry lubricant is loaded into the abrasive. Stearic paper is useful in sanding the finish and painting because "soap" stearate prevents clogging and increases the useful life of sandpaper.
The harder the sand material, the easier the sanding of the surface like wood. The sand material to polish granite slabs should be harder than granite.
Bond
Different adhesives are used to bind abrasives to paper. Hide glue is still used, but this glue often can not withstand the heat generated during the sanding machine and not waterproof. Waterproof sandpaper or wet/dry sandpaper using a waterproof resin bond and backing.
The sandpaper can also be an open layer , in which the particles are separated from each other and the sandpaper is more flexible. This helps prevent sandpaper clogging. Wet and dry sandpaper are more effectively used wet because the blockage is reduced by washing the particles from the milling surface. Arguably there are also benefits due to lubrication and cooling.
Shape
Sandpaper comes in different shapes and sizes:
- sheet: usually 9 by 11 inches (23 x 28 cm), but other sizes may be available
- belts: usually fabric backed, available in various sizes to fit different sander belts.
- disk: made to fit different models of disk and orbit random orbit. Probably hollow for some sanders models. Attachments include pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) and "hook-and-loop" (similar to Velcro). Rolls
- : known as "rolling reels" by many contractors
- sponges: for narrow places
Grit size
Grit size refers to the size of the diluent particles embedded in the sandpaper. Some standards have been set for grit size. These standards establish not only the average grit size, but also the allowed variations of the average. The two most common are the US CAMI (Coated Abrasive Manufacturers Institute, now part of the Unified Abrasives Manufacturer's Association) and European FEPA (European Federation of Abrasives Producers) "P" grade. The FEPA system is the same as the ISO 6344 standard. Other systems used in the abrasives include the Japan Industrial Standards Committee (JIS), the micron class (commonly used for very fine grits). The "should" system ({0, 00, 000,...} alias {1/0, 2/0, 3/0,...}) was used in the past in the US. Cheaper envelopes sometimes use nomenclature such as "Rough", "Medium", and "Fine", but it is unclear what standards these names name.
Table of grit size
The following table, compiled from the reference at the bottom, compares the determination of CAMI and "P" with average grit size in micrometers (Ã,Âμm).
See also
Similar to sandpaper
- Abrilts
- Crocus cloth
Tools used with sandpaper
- Block Sanding
- Sander
- Belt sander
Related processes and tools
- Polish
- Grind
- Grinding Machine
- Play tools
Miscellaneous
- Sanding sealer
- Emery (mineral)
- Particle size (grain size)
References
Further reading
- Michael Dresdner (1992). The Woodfinishing Book . Taunton Press. ISBNÃ, 1-56158-037-6
External links
- The European Abrasive Producers Federation
- sizes.com on the sandpaper
- Conversion Flowchart - Grit Size
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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